Outline of History - 3rd edition, revised and rearranged by author

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
INTRODUCTION......Page 3
SCHEME OF CONTENTS......Page 7
LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 15
I The Earth in Space and Time......Page 21
The First Living Things......Page 25
How Old is the World......Page 30
III Natural Selection and Changes of Species......Page 33
Life and Water......Page 39
The Earliest Animals......Page 41
The Age of Lowland Life......Page 45
Flying Dragons......Page 49
The First Birds......Page 50
An Age of Hardship and Death......Page 52
The First Appearance of Fur and Feathers......Page 54
A New Age of Life......Page 57
Tradition Comes Into the World......Page 58
An Age of Brain Growth......Page 62
The World Grows Hard Again......Page 64
Man Descended From a Walking Ape......Page 66
First Traces of Man-like Creatures......Page 71
The Heidelberg Sub-Man......Page 72
The Piltdown Sub-Man......Page 73
The World 50,000 Years Ago......Page 75
The Daily Life of the First Men......Page 79
The Coming of Men Like Ourselves......Page 85
Hunters Give Place to Herdsmen......Page 94
No Sub-men in America......Page 95
The Age of Cultivation Begins......Page 97
Everyday Neolithic Life......Page 101
Primitive Trade......Page 107
The Flooding of the Mediterranean Valley......Page 108
Primitive Philosophy......Page 112
The Old Man in Religion......Page 114
Fear and Hope in Religion......Page 116
Stars and Seasons......Page 117
Story-telling and Myth-making......Page 119
Complex Origins of Religion......Page 120
Is Mankind Still Differentiating?......Page 126
The Main Races of Mankind......Page 130
The Heliolithic Culture of Brunet Peoples......Page 131
No One Primitive Language......Page 137
The Aryan Languages......Page 138
The Semitic Languages......Page 140
The Hamitic Languages......Page 141
The Chinese Languages......Page 143
Other Language Groups......Page 144
A Possible Primitive Language Group......Page 147
Some Isolated Languages......Page 149
Early Cities and Early Nomads......Page 151
The Sumerians......Page 155
The Empire of Hammurabi......Page 157
The Assyrians and their Empire......Page 158
The Chaldean Empire......Page 160
The Early History of Egypt......Page 161
The Early History of China......Page 167
While the Civilizations were Growing......Page 172
The Earliest Ships and Sailors......Page 175
The Aegean Cities before History......Page 178
The First Voyages of Exploration......Page 182
Early Traders......Page 184
Early Travellers......Page 186
Picture Writing......Page 188
Syllable Writing......Page 191
Alphabet Writing......Page 192
The Place of Writing in Human Life......Page 193
The Priest Comes into History......Page 197
Priests and the Stars......Page 201
Priests and the Dawn of Learning......Page 204
Kings Against Priests......Page 205
How Bel-Marduk Struggled Against the Kings......Page 208
The God-Kings of Egypt......Page 211
Shi Hwang-ti Destroys the Books......Page 215
The Common Man in Ancient Times......Page 216
The Earliest Slaves......Page 218
The First Independent Persons......Page 221
Social Classes Three Thousand Years Ago......Page 224
Classes Hardening into Castes......Page 228
Caste in India......Page 230
The System of the Mandarins......Page 232
A Summary of Five Thousand Years......Page 234
The Place of the Israelites in History......Page 237
Saul, David, and Solomon......Page 245
The Jews a People of Mixed Origin......Page 250
The Importance of the Hebrew Prophets......Page 252
The Spreading of the Aryan Speakers......Page 256
Primitive Aryan Life......Page 260
Early Daily Aryan Life......Page 265
The Hellenic Peoples......Page 272
Distinctive Features of Hellenic Civilization......Page 275
Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy in Greece......Page 278
The Kingdom of Lydia......Page 285
The Rise of the Persians in the East......Page 286
The Story of Croesus......Page 290
Darius Invades Russia......Page 294
The Battle of Marathon......Page 300
Thermopylae and Salamis......Page 302
Plataea and Mycale......Page 308
The Athens of Pericles......Page 311
Socrates......Page 318
Plato and the Academy......Page 319
Aristotle and the Lyceum......Page 322
Philosophy Becomes Unworldly......Page 323
The Quality and Limitations of Greek Thought......Page 324
Philip of Macedonia......Page 330
The Murder of King Philip......Page 335
Alexander's First Conquests......Page 339
The Wanderings of Alexander......Page 347
Was Alexander Indeed Great?......Page 351
The Successors of Alexander......Page 357
Pergamum, A Refuge of Culture......Page 358
Alexander as a Portent of World Unity......Page 360
The Science of Alexandria......Page 362
Alexandria as a Factory of Religions......Page 369
The Story of Gautama......Page 374
Teaching and Legend in Conflict......Page 379
The Gospel of Gautama Buddha......Page 381
Buddhism and Asoka......Page 385
Two Great Chinese Teachers......Page 391
The Corruptions of Buddhism......Page 396
The Present Range of Buddhism......Page 398
The Beginnings of the Latins......Page 400
A New Sort of State......Page 408
The Carthaginian Republic of Rich Men......Page 419
The First Punic War......Page 420
Cato the Elder and the Spirit of Cato......Page 424
The Second Punic War......Page 427
The Third Punic War......Page 432
How the Punic War Undermined Roman Liberty......Page 437
Comparison of the Roman Republic with a Modern State......Page 438
The Science of Thwarting the Common Man......Page 444
Finance in the Roman State......Page 447
The Last Years of Republican Politics......Page 449
The Era of the Adventurer Generals......Page 455
The End of the Republic......Page 459
The Coming of the Princeps......Page 463
Why the Roman Republic Failed......Page 466
A Short Catalogue of Emperors......Page 471
Roman Civilization at its Zenith......Page 478
Limitations of the Roman Mind......Page 487
The Stir of the Great Plains......Page 489
The Western (true Roman) Empire Crumples Up......Page 500
The Eastern (revived Hellenic) Empire......Page 507
Judea at the Christian Era......Page 513
The Teachings of Jesus of Nazareth......Page 516
The Universal Religions......Page 525
The Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth......Page 527
Doctrines Added to the Teachings of Jesus......Page 530
The Struggles and Persecutions of Christianity......Page 536
Constantine the Great......Page 540
The Establishment of Official Christianity......Page 542
The Map of Europe, A.D. 500......Page 546
The Salvation of Learning by Christianity......Page 550
Justinian the Great......Page 555
The Sassanid Empire in Persia......Page 557
The Decay of Syria under the Sassanids......Page 560
The First Message from Islam......Page 564
Zoroaster and Mani......Page 565
Hunnish Peoples in Central Asia and India......Page 567
The Great Age of China......Page 570
Intellectual Fetters of China......Page 575
The Travels of Yuan Chang......Page 581
Arabia before Muhammad......Page 587
Life of Muhammad to the Hegira......Page 590
Muhammad becomes a Fighting Prophet......Page 594
The Teachings of Islam......Page 599
The Caliphs Abu, Bekr, Omar......Page 602
The Great Days of Omayyada......Page 608
The Decay of Islam under Abbasids......Page 616
The Intellectual Life of Arab Islam......Page 619
The Western World at its Lowest Ebb......Page 625
The Feudal System......Page 627
The Frankish Kingdom of the Merovigians......Page 630
The Christianization of the Western Barbarians......Page 633
Charlemagne becomes Emperor of the West......Page 639
The Personality of Charlemagne......Page 643
The French and the Germans Become Distinct......Page 646
The Normans, the Saracens, the Hungarians and the Seljuk Turks......Page 648
How Constantinople Appealed to Rome......Page 657
The Crusades......Page 660
The Crusades, a Test of Christianity......Page 668
The Emperor Frederick II......Page 670
Defects and Limitations of the Papacy......Page 674
A List of Leading Popes......Page 680
Asia at the End of the Twelfth Century......Page 686
The Rise and Victories of the Mongols......Page 689
The Travels of Marco Polo......Page 695
The Ottoman Turks and Constantinople......Page 701
Why the Mongols were not Christianized......Page 707
The Kipchak Empire and the Tsar of Muscovy......Page 708
Timurlane......Page 710
The Mongol Empire of India......Page 713
The Mongols and the Gypsies......Page 717
Christianity and Popular Education......Page 719
Europe Begins to Think for Itself......Page 727
The Great Plague and the Dawn of Communism......Page 732
How Paper Liberated the Human Mind......Page 737
Protestantism of the Princes and Protestantism of the Peoples......Page 739
The Reawakening of Science......Page 745
The New Growth of European Towns......Page 754
America Comes into History......Page 760
What Machiavelli Thought of the World......Page 769
The Republic of Switzerland......Page 773
The Life of Emperor Charles V......Page 774
The Intellectual Undertow......Page 785
Princes and Foreign Policy......Page 787
The Dutch Republic......Page 789
The English Republic......Page 793
The Break-up and Disorder of Germany......Page 803
The Splendours of Grand Monarchy in Europe......Page 806
The Growth of the Idea of Great Powers......Page 813
The Crowned Republic of Poland and its Fate......Page 818
The First Scramble for Empire Overseas......Page 821
Britain Dominates India......Page 825
Russia's Ride to the Pacific......Page 829
What Gibbon Thought of the World in 1780v......Page 831
The Social Truce Draws to an End......Page 838
Inconveniences of the Great Power System......Page 846
The Thirteen Colonies Before their Revolt......Page 848
Civil War is Forced Upon the Colonies......Page 853
The War of Independence......Page 858
The Constitution of the United States......Page 860
Primitive Features of the United States Constitution......Page 867
Revolutionary Ideas in France......Page 873
The Revolution of the Year 1789......Page 876
The French Crowned Republic of 1789-1791......Page 879
The Revolution of the Jacobins......Page 886
The Jacobin Republic 1792-1794......Page 896
The Directory......Page 901
The Pause in Reconstruction and the Dawn of Modern Socialism......Page 903
The Bonaparte Family in Corsica......Page 912
Bonaparte as a Republican General......Page 913
Napoleon First Consul, 1799-1804......Page 918
Napoleon I, Emperor, 1804-1814......Page 923
The Hundred Days......Page 931
The Map of Europe in 1815......Page 936
The Mechanical Revolution......Page 942
Relation of the Mechanical to the Industrail Revolution......Page 951
The Fermentation of Ideas, 1848......Page 956
The Development of the Idea of Socialism......Page 958
Shortcoming of Socialism as a Scheme of Human Society......Page 966
How Darwinism Affected Religious and Policial Ideas......Page 971
The Idea of Nationalism......Page 979
Europe Between 1848 and 1878......Page 983
The (Second) Scramble for Overseas Empires......Page 997
The Indian Precedent in Asia......Page 1007
The History of Japan......Page 1011
Close of the Period of Overseas Expansion......Page 1016
The British Empire in 1914......Page 1017
The Armed Peace before the Great War......Page 1020
Imperial Germany......Page 1022
The Spirit of Imperialism in Britain and Ireland......Page 1031
Imperialiism in France, Italy and the Balkans......Page 1043
Russia Still a Grand Monarchy in 1914......Page 1045
The United States and the Imperial Idea......Page 1047
The Immediate Causes of the great War......Page 1051
A Summary of the Great War up to 1917......Page 1056
The Great War from the Russian Collapse to the Armistice......Page 1066
The Political, Economic, and Social Disorganization Caused by the Great War......Page 1073
President Wilson and the problems of Versailles......Page 1081
Summary of the First Covenant of the League of Nations......Page 1092
A General Outline of the Treaties of 1919 and 1920......Page 1096
A Forecast of the Next War......Page 1101
The Possible Unification of Men's Wills in Political Matters......Page 1106
How a Federal World Government May Come About......Page 1110
Some Fundamental Characteristics of a Modern World State......Page 1112
What this World Might be were it under One Law and Justice......Page 1114
Chronological Table from 800 B.C. to 1920......Page 1122
Consonants......Page 1148
Index......Page 1149
Other Works of Mr. Wells......Page 1192