Our Genes, Our Choices: How Genotype and Gene Interactions Affect Behavior

Front Cover
Our Genes, Our Choices: How genotype and gene interactions affect behavior
Copyright
Disclaimer
Dedication
Contents
About the author
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction: Thou mayest choose
	References
Chapter 2 The jinn in the genome
	Fifteen minutes of fame
	Some famous geneticists and why they are famous
	The jinns of knowledge and technology
	Revolutions in culture and evolution of genes
	Genes, brain, and individuality
	The neurogenetics of determinism and freedom
	References
Chapter 3 2B or not 2B?
	Anecdata and data
	A common stop codon causing impulsivity and hyperarousal
	Validating an impulsivity gene in a mouse model
	References
Chapter 4 Stephen Mobley and his X chromosome
	The death of Stephen Mobley
	The Kallikak effect
	Mobley demands a genetic test
	Combining gene and hormone to predict impulsivity
	Carrying kohl to Italy
	The state of DNA in prediction of violence
	References
Chapter 5 Dial multifactorial for murder: The intersection of genes and culture
	A murder in the lab
	Missing puzzle pieces, an obstacle to reductionism
	Why are some societies more violent?
	Guns or people?
	A fierce people
	Civilizing people
	Violent youth
	References
Chapter 6 Distorted capacity: The measure of the impaired will
	Conscious and unconscious behavior
	Context appropriate and inappropriate behavior
	Personality types and choices
	The inheritance of impulsivity, and what it means
	Impulsivity differs from person to person and from species to species
	Zero-trial learning
	Impulsivity and aggression in context
	Measuring impulsivity and aggression
	Integrating measures and genes
	Measuring the brain
	The arousal ( thymos) of youth
	Animal models of arousal, impulsivity, and aggression
	References
Chapter 7 Distorted capacity: Neuropsychiatric diseases and the impaired will
	Impulsivity, diminished capacity, and neuropsychiatric disease
		Affective disorders
		Substance use disorders and other addictions
		Obsessive-compulsive disorder
		Tourette syndrome
		Common origins of disorders of impulse?
		Schizophrenia
		Delusional disorder
	Disorders of impulse control
		Antisocial personality disorder
		Intermittent explosive disorder
		Borderline personality disorder
		Childhood conduct disorder
		Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
	References
Chapter 8 Inheritance of behavior and genes “for” behavior: Gene wars
	The debate on the heritability of behavior
	The genome encodes reaction range
	Choice and reaction range
	Reaction range and free will
	Twin studies and controversies they provoked
	The debate on genes “for” behavior
	People are not monkeys
	The politics of behavioral genetics
	Antipsychiatry: Are psychiatric diagnoses valid?
	References
Chapter 9 The scientific and historic basis of genethics
	Standards of science and evidence
	Ethics of research: Trust, but verify
	Genes, jobs, and groups
	The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
	Gene therapy
	Group consent and individual consent
	Beyond a pretense of autonomy
	References
Chapter 10 The world is double helical: DNA, RNA, and proteins, in a few easy pieces
	DNA recipes
	Polymorphism
	Protein polymorphism
	DNA polymorphism
	Measured ancestry
	References
Chapter 11 The stochastic brain: From DNA blueprint to behavior
	Self-assembly
	Cell assembly
	Interactomes
	Stochasticity
	Cascades, chaos, and great attractors
	Brain assembly
	Fire together, wire together
	Fractal neurons
	Stochasticity in higher order brain structure
	The stochastic basis of individual and group intelligence
	Rules guiding the chaos of brain evolution and development
	Sense of self
	References
Chapter 12 Reintroducing genes and behavior
	Behavioral prediction, a science imperfect
	Commercialization of behavioral prediction
	The future of genetic behavioral prediction
	A gene causing anemia
	A gene causing self-mutilation
	A gene causing cognitive deficiency
	References
Chapter 13 Warriors and worriers
	A common genetic variant “for” warriors and worriers
	Executive cognitive function
	Cognitive flexibility and free will
		Why are manholes round?
	Perseveration
	Worriers and warriors
	References
Chapter 14 How many genes does it take to make a behavior?
	Single genes
	Polygenic and epistatic models of behavior
	Bayesian reasoning—How to use prior probability
	Behavior and the single gene
	References
Chapter 15 The genesis and genetics of sexual behavior
	Gender and sex
	Biological determinants of gender
	We are love machines
	Sneaker males
	Slaves to sex: The difficulty of turning off the sex drive
	How people modulate and harness their sex drives
	Taboos
	Homosexuality and the “gay gene”
	Elliot Gershon and the in-depth family paradigm
	Discovery of the “gay gene”
	Is homosexuality inherited from one’s mother?
	Genes for homosexuality
	References
Chapter 16 Gene-by-environment interaction
	Variations on the theme of gene-by-environment interaction
	Ancient environment × genome interaction
	Nature × nurture
	What is gene-by-environment interaction?
	Genes that modulate stress resilience
	Intermediate phenotype and endophenotype
	Interactions leading to psychiatric disease
	Animal models of gene-by-stress interaction
	Love, in monkeys?
	References
Chapter 17 The epigenetic revolution: The imprint of the environment on the genome
	Measuring environmental contingency
	An imprint of experience in the DNA
	Types of epigenetic imprint
	Wiping the epigenetic slate clean…
	But not quite clean
	Measuring epigenetic variation
	First look at the epigenetic “depth” of the human genome
	References
Chapter 18 Time out for free will
	Temporary and longer lasting impairments of choice
	Social implementations of the science of choice
	Ideology in genomics: The example of race and ancestry
	References
Chapter 19 The top-down neurogenesis of free will
	Conscious automata
	A brief manual of parenting
	Free will and the conundrum of behavioral causality
	Exorcizing genetic behavioral determinism
	Neurogenetically influenced behavioral archetypes
	References
Chapter 20 Neurogenetic origins of free will
	Reference
Index
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