Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery: Volume 1: Upper Extremity Fractures and Dislocations

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1: Fracture of the Scapula
	1.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		1.1.1	 Overview
		1.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		1.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		1.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		1.1.5	 Assessment of Scapular Fractures
			1.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			1.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	1.2	 Surgical Treatment
		1.2.1	 Surgical Indications and Purpose
			1.2.1.1	 Surgical Indications
			1.2.1.2	 Purpose of Surgery
		1.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
			1.2.2.1	 Open Reduction and Fixation for Fractures of the Front Margin of the Glenoid and Coracoid Process Through the Deltopectoral Intercostal Approach
			1.2.2.2	 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Fractures in the Glenoid Rear Margin and the Lateral Margin of the Scapula by the Simplified Judet Approach
		1.2.3	 Experience and Lessons
	References
2: Fracture of the Clavicle
	2.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		2.1.1	 Overview
		2.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		2.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		2.1.4	 Classification of Clavicular Fractures
		2.1.5	 Assessment of Clavicular Fractures
			2.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			2.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	2.2	 Surgical Treatment
		2.2.1	 Surgical Indications and Purpose
			2.2.1.1	 Surgical Indications
			2.2.1.2	 The Purpose of Surgery
		2.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
			2.2.2.1	 Partial Resection of the Medial Clavicle and Reconstruction of the Sternoclavicular Joint
			2.2.2.2	 Steel Plate Above the Clavicle and Screw Fixation for Middle Clavicular Fractures
			2.2.2.3	 Anterior Clavicle Fixation with a Steel Plate and Screws for Middle Clavicular Fractures
			2.2.2.4	 Intramedullary Nail Fixation for Middle Clavicular Fractures
			2.2.2.5	 Open Reduction with Clavicular Hook and Steel Plate Fixation for Distal Clavicular Fractures
		2.2.3	 Common Surgical Complications and Prevention Strategies
	References
3: Proximal Humerus Fracture
	3.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		3.1.1	 Overview
		3.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		3.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		3.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		3.1.5	 Assessment of Proximal Humeral Fractures
			3.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			3.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	3.2	 Surgical Treatment
		3.2.1	 Surgical Indications
		3.2.2	 Surgical Procedures
			3.2.2.1	 Open Reduction and Plate Fixation for Proximal Humeral Fractures
				Position and Preoperative Preparation
				Operative Incision According to the Projection on the Body Surface (Fig. 3.15)
				Surgical Approach (Fig. 3.16)
				Techniques for Fracture Reduction and Fixation
				Wound Closure
				Postoperative Treatment
				Experience and Lessons
				Anatomical Intramedullary Support System
				Surgical Procedure
			3.2.2.2	 Shoulder Replacement for Proximal Humeral Fractures
				Position and Preoperative Preparation
				Surgical Techniques
				Postoperative Treatment
				Experience and Lessons
			3.2.2.3	 Open Reduction with Hollow Nail (Tension Band) Fixation for Fractures in the Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus
				Position and Preoperative Preparation
				Operative Incision According to the Projection on the Body Surface
				Surgical Approach (Fig. 3.38)
				Fracture Reduction and Fixation Techniques
				Incision Closure and Postoperative Treatment.
				Experience and Lessons
			3.2.2.4	 Other Internal Fixation of Proximal Humeral Fractures
		3.2.3	 Surgical Complications and Prevention Strategies
	References
4: Fracture of the Humeral Shaft
	4.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		4.1.1	 Overview
		4.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		4.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury (Palastanga and Soames 2012b)
		4.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		4.1.5	 Assessment of Humeral Shaft Fractures
			4.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment (Morrey 2013b)
			4.1.5.2	 Radiological Assessment
	4.2	 Surgical Treatment
		4.2.1	 Surgical Indications and Purpose
			4.2.1.1	 Surgical Indications
			4.2.1.2	 The Purpose of Surgery
		4.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
			4.2.2.1	 Proximal 2/3 Fractures of the Humeral Shaft (Anterolateral Approach)
			4.2.2.2	 Distal 1/3 Fractures of the Humeral Shaft (Lateral Straight Approach)
			4.2.2.3	 Distal 1/3 Fractures of the Humerus (Posterior Approach)
			4.2.2.4	 Closed Reduction of Percutaneous Minimally Invasive Internal Fixation
			4.2.2.5	 Fractures of the Humeral Shaft (Antegrade Intramedullary Nail Technique)
		4.2.3	 Surgical Complications and their Prevention and Treatment
	References
5: Fracture of the Distal Humerus
	5.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		5.1.1	 Overview
		5.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		5.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury (Robinson 2005b)
		5.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		5.1.5	 Assessment of Distal Humeral Fractures
			5.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			5.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	5.2	 Surgical Treatment
		5.2.1	 Surgical Indications and Purpose
		5.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
			5.2.2.1	 Position and Preoperative Preparation
			5.2.2.2	 Operative Incision According to the Projection on the Body Surface
			5.2.2.3	 Surgical Approach
			5.2.2.4	 Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Fracture
		5.2.3	 Postoperative Complications and Their Prevention and Treatment
	References
6: Fracture of the Proximal Ulna
	6.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		6.1.1	 Overview
		6.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		6.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		6.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		6.1.5	 Assessment of Proximal Ulna Fractures
			6.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			6.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	6.2	 Surgical Treatment
		6.2.1	 Ulnar Olecranon Fracture
		6.2.2	 Coronoid Process Fracture
			6.2.2.1	 Principle of Treatment
			6.2.2.2	 Surgical Approach
			6.2.2.3	 Ulnar Olecranon Fracture with Coronal Fracture (Proximal Ulnar Posterolateral Approach)
			6.2.2.4	 Medial Coronal Compression Fractures with Rupture at the Starting Point of the Lateral Collateral Ligament (Elbow Medial and Lateral Joint Approach)
			6.2.2.5	 Postoperative Complications and Prevention Strategies
	References
7: Fracture of the Radial Head and Terrible Triad Injury of the Elbow
	7.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		7.1.1	 Overview
		7.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		7.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		7.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		7.1.5	 Assessment of Radial Head Fractures
			7.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			7.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	7.2	 Surgical Treatment
		7.2.1	 Surgical Indications and Purpose
			7.2.1.1	 Surgical Indications
			7.2.1.2	 Purpose of Surgery
		7.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
			7.2.2.1	 Radial Head Fracture
			7.2.2.2	 Terrible Triad Injury of the Elbow
		7.2.3	 Prevention and Treatment of Surgical Complications (Bucholz and Court-Brown 2010)
	References
8: Fractures of the Ulnar and Radial Shaft
	8.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		8.1.1	 Overview
		8.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		8.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		8.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		8.1.5	 Assessment of Ulnar and Radius Fracture
			8.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			8.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	8.2	 Surgical Treatment
		8.2.1	 Surgical Indications and Purpose
			8.2.1.1	 Surgical Indications
			8.2.1.2	 Purpose of Surgery
		8.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
		8.2.3	 Prevention and Treatment of Surgical Complications
	References
9: Fracture of the Distal Radius
	9.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		9.1.1	 Overview
		9.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		9.1.3	 Mechanisms of Injury
		9.1.4	 Classification of Fractures
		9.1.5	 Assessment of Distal Radius Fractures
			9.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			9.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	9.2	 Surgical Treatment
		9.2.1	 Conservative Treatment
		9.2.2	 Surgical Indications and Purposes
			9.2.2.1	 Surgical Indications (Collert and Isacson 1978)
			9.2.2.2	 Purpose of Surgery
		9.2.3	 Surgical Techniques
			9.2.3.1	 Percutaneous Pinning Technology (Jupiter 1997)
			9.2.3.2	 External Fixation
			9.2.3.3	 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
		9.2.4	 Surgical Complications and their Prevention and Treatment
	References
10: Fractures of the Scaphoid
	10.1	 Basic Theory and Concepts
		10.1.1	 Overview (Sendher and Ladd 2013; Wolf et al. 2009; Van Tassel et al. 2010)
		10.1.2	 Applied Anatomy
		10.1.3	 Mechanism of Injury
		10.1.4	 Classification of Scaphoid Fractures
		10.1.5	 Assessment of Scaphoid Fractures
			10.1.5.1	 Clinical Assessment
			10.1.5.2	 Imaging Assessment
	10.2	 Surgical Treatment
		10.2.1	 Surgical Indications
		10.2.2	 Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixation Technique (Bond et al. 2001)
			10.2.2.1	 Technical Features
			10.2.2.2	 Surgical Techniques
		10.2.3	 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
		10.2.4	 Non-Healing of Scaphoid Fractures
		10.2.5	 Other Options
		10.2.6	 Surgical Complications and their Prevention and Treatment Measures (Buijze et al. 2010)
	References