Origins and Change of the Social Market Economy: History and Theoretical Foundations (The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences, 26)

Contents
Introduction
	References
Origins and Change in the Concept of Social Market Economy
	1 Introduction
	2 Third Ways
		2.1 Ordoliberalism: The Context
		2.2 Ordoliberalism: The Proposal
		2.3 Further Third Ways in Economic Theory
		2.4 The Third Way of the Catholic Church
	3 Core Ideas of Social Market Economy
	4 New Social Market Economy
	References
Wilhelm Röpke: Co-founder of the Social Market Economy and (Human)Ecological Mastermind
	1 Overview of Life and Work
	2 Röpke’s Universal-Historical Secular Analysis
	3 Theoretical Aspects of Economics
	4 Business Cycle Theory, Crisis Diagnosis, and Ecological Reform
		4.1 German Postwar Development (1945–1966) and the (Human)Ecological Price of Prosperity
	5 European Challenges: Then and Now
	6 Röpke’s Record and Its Contemporary Significance for Ecological Economics
	References
“The End of Laissez-Faire”: Keynes and Ordoliberalism
	1 Keynes and the “End of Laissez-Faire”
	2 Das Scheitern des Laissez-Faire (Failure of Laissez-Faire)
	3 The Economic Realities in Great Britain and in Germany in the Interwar Period
		3.1 Excursus: Brief Digression on Ordo-Liberalism in the USA
	4 Investment and Vanishing Scarcity of Capital
	5 Overall Stability and Flexibility of Prices and Wages
	6 Demand Management and Allocation of Resources
	7 Stability of the Monetary System
	8 Big Business and Corporatism
	9 Post-Laissez-Faire Economic Order
	10 The End of Laissez-Faire in the Golden Age of Post-war Capitalism
	References
Social Market Economy and Human Rights: A Global Perspective
	1 Introduction: The Inherent Challenge of a Social Market Economy
	2 A Historical Sketch to the Challenges of the Present Day
	3 Normative-Ethical Embedding of the Market Economy
		3.1 The Necessity of a Social Corrective
		3.2 The Challenge of a Social Corrective
	4 Human Rights as a Universal Foundation of a National Regulatory Model
		4.1 Starting Point: The Market-Relevant Content of Human Rights
		4.2 On the Benefits of a Human Rights Approach
			4.2.1 Problems of Market and Morality
			4.2.2 Potential and Feature of the Normative Foundations of Human Rights
				Human Rights as a Global Minimum Consensus on Moral Economic Practice
				The Janus Face of Human Rights: Dualism of Law and Morality
				Factual Liberation of the Individual
	5 Conclusion
	References
From Schmoller’s Socialpolitik to Müller-Armack’s Social Market Economy: A Reconstruction of the German Conservative Discourse on the Social Regulation of Capitalist Market Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Schmoller, the German Historical School, and the Idea of Socialpolitik
	3 Sombart, Oppenheimer, and the Socialist Challenge
	4 The Social Market Economy: A Conservative Synthesis?
	5 Conclusion
	References
From Schmoller Through the Catholic Social Doctrine to Müller-Armack: A Commentary on Reginal Hansen’s Theory of the Ideational Origin of the Social Market Economy
	1 Introduction
	2 Hansen’s Theory of the Ideational Origin of the Social Market Economy
		2.1 Various Epistemic Preliminary Comments
		2.2 Schmoller’s Political Belief: An Economic Life Order
		2.3 The Path to an Economic Life Order: The Institutions
		2.4 Schmoller’s Long-Term Influence: The Social Market Economy
	3 Schmoller’s Legacy in the Social Market Economy: The Resonance of Hansen’s Interpretation in Scientific Discussion
	4 Similarities with Schmoller and Müller-Armack
		4.1 Epistemology
		4.2 Foundation of Values in the Economic and Social Policy
		4.3 Social Stability
		4.4 Market Conformity of State Interventions
	5 The Catholic Social Doctrine as a Link Between Schmoller and Müller-Armack
		5.1 On Müller-Armack’s Impression of Schmoller
		5.2 The Catholic Social Doctrine Link
			5.2.1 Socialism of the Chair, German Catholicism, Papal Encyclicals, Müller-Armack
			5.2.2 Bishop Ketteler and Rerum Novarum (1891)
			5.2.3 Volksverein (1891) and Quadragesimo Anno (1931)
	6 Concluding Comments
	References
Goetz Briefs’ Socially Tempered Capitalism
	1 Introduction
	2 Development in the work of Goetz Briefs
	3 The Concept of Marginal Ethics
	4 Liberalism, Individualism and Capitalism
	5 Socially Tempered Capitalism
	6 Laissez-Faire Pluralism
	7 Liberalism and Totalism
	8 Ludwig Erhard’s Formed Society
	9 Conclusion
	References
The Muthesius Circle: Financial Journalism in the 1950s
	1 Introduction
	2 Volkmar Muthesius
	3 The Ideal of a Financial Journalist: Alfred Lansburgh and Die Bank
	4 The Committee of Enquire on Banking of 1933/1934
	5 Christian Otto Fischer and the Hauptgruppe Banken
	6 “Like-Minded Friends” in Frankfurt: The Muthesius Circle
	7 Conclusion
	References
Healthcare Policies of the German Federal Republic
	1 Introduction
	2 The Early Social Market Economy and Health System of the German Federal Republic
	3 Dimensions of Economic Style
	4 Analysis of Selected Healthcare Policies of the Social Market Economy
		4.1 Ethical Beliefs
		4.2 Personal Motivation
		4.3 Mental Attitude
		4.4 Population and Population Density
		4.5 Population Mobility, Demographic Change
		4.6 Division of Labor
		4.7 Intellectuals and Handicraft
		4.8 Technical Processes
		4.9 Size of the Community
		4.10 Coherence of Society: Family and Contract
		4.11 Division of Labor in Society
		4.12 Concept of Ownership
		4.13 Production of Goods and Services
		4.14 Concept of Distribution
		4.15 Concept of Labor
		4.16 Economic Cycles of Production
		4.17 Social Constitution
		4.18 Concept of Taxation
		4.19 International Alliances and Contracts
	5 Summary and Conclusions
	References
The End of Laissez-Faire
	1 Introduction
	2 Keynes’s Contribution to Economic Planning
	3 Bretton Woods and Beyond
	4 Block-Forming and the European Union
	5 The Future of the World: An Uneasy Utopia
	6 Coda
	References
Political Economy of Socialism: Theoretical and Practical Controversies of “All-People Socialist” Ownership
	1 Introduction
	2 The Dogma
	3 Dogma Confronts Reality
	4 Practical Dimensions of the Problem and the Attempts for Its Resolution
	5 Theoretical Aspect of the Institutional Contradiction
		5.1 Khozraschet
		5.2 The Duality Ownership Possession
	6 Conclusion
	References