Organizational Behaviour, Global Edition

Cover
Title Page
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
	1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
		Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior?
		The Importance of Interpersonal Skills
		What Managers Do
		Management Functions
		Management Roles
		Management Skills
		Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities
		A Review of the Manager’s Job
		Enter Organizational Behavior
		Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study
		Myth or Science? “Management by Walking Around Is the Most Effective Management”
		Big Data
		Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field
		Psychology
		Social Psychology
		Sociology
		Anthropology
		There Are Few Absolutes in OB
		Challenges and Opportunities for OB
		Responding to Economic Pressures
		Responding to Globalization
		Managing Workforce Diversity
		Improving Customer Service
		Improving People Skills
		Working in Networked Organizations
		Enhancing Employee Well-Being at Work
		Creating a Positive Work Environment
		Improving Ethical Behavior
		An Ethical Choice Vacation Deficit Disorder
		Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model
		An Overview
		Inputs
		Processes
		Outcomes
		glOBalization! Suicide by Economic Crisis
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation?
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Intoxicated Workplaces
		Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde
		Case Incident 1 Apple Goes Global
		Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker?
2 The Individual
	2 Diversity in Organizations
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People?
		Diversity
		Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce
		Levels of Diversity
		Discrimination
		An Ethical Choice Affirmative Action for Unemployed Veterans
		Biographical Characteristics
		Myth or Science? Bald Is Better
		Age
		Sex
		glOBalization! Worldwide Talent Search for Women
		Race and Ethnicity
		Disability
		Other Biographical Characteristics :Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, and Cultural Identity
		Ability
		Intellectual Abilities
		Physical Abilities
		The Role of Disabilities
		Implementing Diversity Management Strategies
		Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees
		Diversity in Groups
		Effective Diversity Programs
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Affirmative Action Should Be Abolished
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Feeling Excluded
		Ethical Dilemma Board Quotas
		Case Incident 1 Levitating IQs
		Case Incident 2 The Treasure Trove of the Aging Workforce
	3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
		Self-Assessment Library How Satisfied Am I with My Job?
		Attitudes
		What Are the Main Components of Attitudes?
		Does Behavior Always Follow from Attitudes?
		An Ethical Choice Are Employers Responsible for Workplace Incivilities?
		What Are the Major Job Attitudes?
		glOBalization! Exodus Phenomenon
		Self-Assessment Library Am I Engaged?
		Job Satisfaction
		Measuring Job Satisfaction
		How Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs?
		What Causes Job Satisfaction?
		The Impact of Satisfied and Dissatisfied Employees on the Workplace
		Myth or Science? “Happy Workers Means Happy Profits”
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Employer–Employee Loyalty Is an Outdated Concept
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise What Factors Are Most Important to Your Job Satisfaction?
		Ethical Dilemma Bounty Hunters
		Case Incident 1 The Pursuit of Happiness: Flexibility
		Case Incident 2 Job Crafting
	4 Emotions and Moods
		Self-Assessment Library How Are You Feeling Right Now?
		What Are Emotions and Moods?
		The Basic Emotions
		Myth or Science? “Smile, and the Work World Smiles with You”
		The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect
		Function of Emotions
		Sources of Emotions and Moods
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Affect Intensity?
		Emotional Labor
		Affective Events Theory
		Emotional Intelligence
		The Case for EI
		The Case Against EI
		An Ethical Choice Should Managers Use Emotional Intelligence (EI) Tests?
		Emotion Regulation
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score?
		OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
		Selection
		Decision Making
		Creativity
		Motivation
		Leadership
		Negotiation
		Customer Service
		Job Attitudes
		Deviant Workplace Behaviors
		Safety and Injury at Work
		How Managers Can Influence Moods
		glOBalization! Creating Highly Productive Teams Across the Cultural Emotional Barrie
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar?
		Ethical Dilemma Happiness Coaches for Employees
		Case Incident 1 Is It Okay to Cry at Work?
		Case Incident 2 Can You Read Emotions from Faces?
	5 Personality and Values
		Self-Assessment Library Am I a Narcissist?
		Personality
		What Is Personality?
		The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
		The Big Five Personality Model
		The Dark Triad
		Approach–Avoidance
		Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB
		Myth or Science? “We Can Accurately Judge Individuals’ Personalities a Few Seconds After Meeting Them”
		Personality and Situations
		glOBalization! Is the Personality Profile of an Entrepreneur the Same Across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany?
		Values
		The Importance and Organization of Values
		Generational Values
		An Ethical Choice Do You Have a Cheating Personality?
		Linking an Individual’s Personality and Values to the Workplace
		Person–Job Fit
		Person–Organization Fit
		International Values
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Millennials Are More Narcissistic
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise What Organizational Culture Do You Prefer?
		Ethical Dilemma Personal Values and Ethics in the Workplace
		Case Incident 1 On the Costs of Being Nice
		Case Incident 2 Personal Space
	6 Perception and Individual Decision Making
		Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions?
		What Is Perception?
		Factors That Influence Perception
		Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others
		Attribution Theory
		Common Shortcuts in Judging Others
		Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations
		Myth or Science? “All Stereotypes Are Negative”
		The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making
		Decision Making in Organizations
		The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition
		Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making
		Self-Assessment Library Am I a Deliberate Decision Maker?
		Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints
		Individual Differences
		glOBalization! Does Multicultural Experience Make for Better Decisions?
		Organizational Constraints
		What About Ethics in Decision Making?
		Three Ethical Decision Criteria
		Creativity, Creative Decision Making, and Innovation in Organizations
		An Ethical Choice Choosing to Lie
		Creative Behavior
		Causes of Creative Behavior
		Creative Outcomes (Innovation)
		Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I?
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Stereotypes Are Dying
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Biases in Decision Making
		Ethical Dilemma Deciding to Cheat
		Case Incident 1 Decision-Making Processes at Steel Inc.
		Case Incident 2 Career Promotion at Emox: Rationalizing Under Uncertainty
	7 Motivation Concepts
		Self-Assessment Library How Confident Am I in My Abilities to Succeed?
		Defining Motivation
		Early Theories of Motivation
		Hierarchy of Needs Theory
		Theory X and Theory Y
		Two-Factor Theory
		McClelland’s Theory of Needs
		Contemporary Theories of Motivation
		Self-Determination Theory
		Job Engagement
		glOBalization! Autonomy Needs Around the Globe
		Myth or Science? “Helping Others and Being a Good Citizen Is Good for Your Career”
		Goal-Setting Theory
		Self-Assessment Library What Are My Course Performance Goals?
		Self-Efficacy Theory
		Reinforcement Theory
		An Ethical Choice Motivated by Big Brot
		Equity Theory/Organizational Justice
		Expectancy Theory
		Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Goals Get You to Where You Want to Be
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Organizational Justice Task
		Ethical Dilemma Grade Inflation
		Case Incident 1 Equity and Executive Pay
		Case Incident 2 Sleeping on the Job
	8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Job’s Motivating Potential?
		Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model
		The Job Characteristics Model
		How Can Jobs Be Redesigned?
		Myth or Science? “Money Can’t Buy Happiness”
		Relational Job Design
		Alternative Work Arrangements
		The Social and Physical Context of Work
		Employee Involvement
		Examples of Employee Involvement Programs
		Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories
		Using Rewards to Motivate Employees
		What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure
		How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees Through Variable-Pay Programs
		An Ethical Choice Sweatshops and Worker Safety
		Flexible Benefits: Developing a Benefits Package
		Intrinsic Rewards: Employee Recognition Programs
		glOBalization! Outcry Over Executive Pay Is Heard Everywhere
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint “Face-Time” Matters
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Applying the Job Characteristics Model
		Ethical Dilemma Inmates for Hire
		Case Incident 1 Motivation for Leisure
		Case Incident 2 Attaching the Carrot to the Stick
3 The Group
	9 Foundations of Group Behavior
		Self-Assessment Library Do I Have a Negative Attitude Toward Working in Groups?
		Defining and Classifying Groups
		Why Do People Form Groups?
		Stages of Group Development
		The Five-Stage Model
		An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines
		Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, Cohesiveness, and Diversity
		Group Property 1: Roles
		Myth or Science? “U.S. Workers Are More Biased Than Asians”
		Self-Assessment Library Do I Trust Others?
		Group Property 2: Norms
		An Ethical Choice Using Peer Pressure as an Influence Tactic
		Group Property 3: Status
		Group Property 4: Size
		Group Property 5: Cohesiveness
		glOBalization! Making Global Virtual Teams Effective
		Group Property 6: Diversity
		Group Decision Making
		Groups versus the Individual
		Groupthink and Groupshift
		Group Decision-Making Techniques
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint People Are More Creative when They Work Alone
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Surviving the Wild: Join a Group or Go It Alone?
		Ethical Dilemma It’s Obvious; They’re Chinese
		Case Incident 1 The Calamities of Consensus
		Case Incident 2 Investing in the Herd
	10 Understanding Work Teams
		Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team?
		Why Have Teams Become So Popular?
		Differences Between Groups and Tea
		Types of Teams
		Problem-Solving Teams
		Self-Managed Work Teams
		Cross-Functional Teams
		Virtual Teams
		Multiteam Systems
		An Ethical Choice Virtual Teams Leave a Smaller Carbon Footprint
		Creating Effective Teams
		Context: What Factors Determine Whether Teams Are Successful?
		glOBalization! Developing Team Members’ Trust Across Cultures
		Team Composition
		Myth or Science? “Team Members Who Are ‘Hot’ Should Make the Play”
		Team Processes
		Self-Assessment Library What Is My Team Efficacy?
		Turning Individuals into Team Players
		Selecting: Hiring Team Players
		Training: Creating Team Players
		Rewarding: Providing Incentivesto Be a Good Team Player
		Beware! Teams Aren’t Always the Answer
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint To Get the Most Out of Teams, Empower Them
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Composing the “Perfect” Team
		Ethical Dilemma It’s Easy to Be Unethical When Everyone Else Is
		Case Incident 1 Tongue-Tied in Teams
		Case Incident 2 Multicultural Multinational Teams
	11 Communication
		Self-Assessment Library Am I a Gossip?
		Functions of Communication
		glOBalization! Multinational Firms Adopt English as Global Language Strategy
		The Communication Process
		Direction of Communication
		Downward Communication
		Upward Communication
		Lateral Communication
		Organizational Communication
		Formal Small-Group Networks
		The Grapevine
		Modes of Communication
		Oral Communication
		Written Communication
		Myth or Science? “Today, Writing Skills Are More Important than Speaking Skills”
		Nonverbal Communication
		Choice of Communication Channel
		Channel Richness
		Choosing Communication Methods
		Information Security
		An Ethical Choice Using Employees in Organizational Social Media Strategy
		Persuasive Communication
		Automatic and Controlled Processing
		Interest Level
		Prior Knowledge
		Personality
		Message Characteristics
		Barriers to Effective Communication
		Filtering
		Selective Perception
		Information Overload
		Emotions
		Language
		Silence
		Communication Apprehension
		Lying
		Global Implications
		Cultural Barriers
		Cultural Context
		A Cultural Guide
		Self-Assessment Library How Good Are My Listening Skills?
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Social Media Presence
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise An Absence of Nonverbal Communication
		Ethical Dilemma Pitfalls of E-Mail
		Case Incident 1 Using Social Media to Your Advantage
		Case Incident 2 An Underwater Meeting
	12 Leadership
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Leadership Style?
		What Is Leadership?
		Trait Theories
		Behavioral Theories
		glOBalization! Leaders Broaden Their Span of Control in Multinational Organizations
		Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories
		Contingency Theories
		The Fiedler Model
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My LPC Score?
		Other Contingency Theories
		Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
		Charismatic Leadership and Transformational Leadership
		Charismatic Leadership
		Self-Assessment Library How Charismatic Am I?
		Transformational Leadership
		Myth or Science? “Top Leaders Feel the Most Stress”
		Authentic Leadership: Ethics and Trust
		What Is Authentic Leadership?
		Self-Assessment Library Am I an Ethical Leader?
		Ethical Leadership
		An Ethical Choice Holding Leaders Ethically Accountable
		Servant Leadership
		Trust and Leadership
		How Is Trust Developed?
		Trust as a Process
		What Are the Consequences of Trust?
		Leading for the Future: Mentoring
		Mentoring
		Challenges to the Leadership Construct
		Leadership as an Attribution
		Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership
		Online Leadership
		Finding and Creating Effective Leaders
		Selecting Leaders
		Training Leaders
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Heroes Are Made, Not Born
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise What Is Leadership?
		Ethical Dilemma Undercover Leaders
		Case Incident 1 Leadership Mettle Forged in Battle
		Case Incident 2 Healthy Employees are Happy Employees
	13 Power and Politics
		Self-Assessment Library Is My Workplace Political?
		A Definition of Power
		Contrasting Leadership and Power
		Bases of Power
		Formal Power
		Personal Power
		Which Bases of Power AreMost Effective?
		Dependence: The Key to Power
		The General Dependence Postulate
		What Creates Dependence?
		Power Tactics
		How Power Affects People
		Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace
		glOBalization! Power, Gender, and Sexual Harassment in France
		An Ethical Choice Should All Sexual Behavior Be Prohibited at Work?
		Politics: Power in Action
		Definition of Organizational Politics
		The Reality of Politics
		Causes and Consequences of Political Behavior
		Factors Contributing to Political Behavior
		Myth or Science? “Powerful Leaders Keep Their (Fr)Enemies Close”
		How Do People Respond to Organizational Politics?
		Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Playing Politics?
		Impression Management
		The Ethics of Behaving Politically
		Mapping Your Political Career
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Everyone Wants Power
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Power Dynamics in Teams
		Ethical Dilemma How Much Should You Defer to Those in Power?
		Case Incident 1 Reshaping the Dubai Model
		Case Incident 2 Barry’s Peer Becomes His Boss
	14 Conflict and Negotiation
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Preferred Conflict-Handling Style?
		A Definition of Conflict
		The Traditional View of Conflict
		The Interactionist Viewof Conflict
		Types and Loci of Conflict
		Types of Conflict
		Loci of Conflict
		The Conflict Process
		Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility
		Stage II:Cognition and Personalization
		Stage III: Intentions
		Stage IV: Behavior
		Stage V: Outcomes
		Negotiation
		Bargaining Strategies
		Myth or Science? “Teams Negotiate Better than Individuals in CollectivisticCultures”
		The Negotiation Process
		Individual Differences in Negotiation Effectiveness
		glOBalization! Trust Is an Issue
		An Ethical Choice Using Empathy to Negotiate More Ethically
		Self-Assessment Library What’s My Negotiating Style?
		Third-Party Negotiations
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Pro Sports Strikes Are Caused by Greedy Owners
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise A Negotiation Role-Play
		Ethical Dilemma The Lowball Applicant
		Case Incident 1 Choosing Your Battles
		Case Incident 2 Twinkies, Rubber Rooms, and Collective Bargaining
	15 Foundations of Organization Structure
		Self-Assessment Library Do I Like Bureaucracy?
		What Is Organizational Structure?
		Work Specialization
		Departmentalization
		Chainof Command
		Span of Control
		Centralization andDecentralization
		Self-Assessment Library How Willing Am I to Delegate?
		Formalization
		Common Organizational Designs
		The Simple Structure
		The Bureaucracy
		The MatrixStructure
		New Design Options
		The Virtual Organization
		The Boundaryless Organization
		glOBalization! The World Is My Corporate Headquarters
		The Leaner Organization: Downsizing
		An Ethical Choice Ethical Concerns of Deskless Workplaces
		Why Do Structures Differ?
		Organizational Strategy
		Organization Size
		Technology
		Environment
		Organizational Designs and Employee Behavior
		Myth or Science? “Employees Can Work Just as Well from Home”
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint The End of Management
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Dismantling a Bureaucracy
		Ethical Dilemma Directing the Directors
		Case Incident 1 Kuuki: Reading the Atmosphere
		Case Incident 2 Boeing Dreamliner: Engineering Nightmareor Organizational Disaster?
4 The Organization System
	16 Organizational Culture
		Self-Assessment Library What’s the Right Organizational Culture for Me?
		What Is Organizational Culture?
		A Definition of Organizational Culture
		Culture Is a DescriptiveTerm
		Do Organizations Have Uniform Cultures?
		Myth or Science? “An Organization’s Culture Is Forever”
		Strong versus Weak Cultures
		Culture versus Formalization
		What Do Cultures Do?
		The Functions of Culture
		Culture Creates Climate
		The EthicalDimension of Culture
		Culture and Innovation
		Culture as anAsset
		Culture as a Liability
		Creating and Sustaining Culture
		How a Culture Begins
		Keeping a Culture Alive
		Summary:How Cultures Form
		How Employees Learn Culture
		Stories
		Rituals
		Symbols
		An Ethical Choice A Culture of Compassion
		Language
		Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture
		Creating a Positive Organizational Culture
		Spirituality and Organizational Culture
		What Is Spirituality?
		Why Spirituality Now?
		Characteristicsof a Spiritual Organization
		Self-Assessment Library How Spiritual Am I?
		Achieving a Spiritual Organization
		Criticisms of Spirituality
		glOBalization! Creating a Multinational Organizational Culture
		Global Implications
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Organizations Should Strive to Create a PositiveOrganizational Culture
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Rate Your Classroom Culture
		Ethical Dilemma Is There a Universal Ethics? HQ–Subsidiary Relations
		Case Incident 1 Are Employees Happier Working in Their Own National Cultures?
		Case Incident 2 Barclays’ Cultural Shortcomings
	17 Human Resource Policies and Practices
		Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Human Resource Management (HRM)?
		Recruitment Practices
		Selection Practices
		How the Selection Process Works
		Initial Selection
		glOBalization! Perceptions of Fairness in Selection Methods
		Substantive Selection
		Contingent Selection
		International Variations in Selection Processes
		Training and Development Programs
		Types of Training
		Training Methods
		Evaluating Effectiveness
		Performance Evaluation
		What Is Performance?
		Purposes of Performance Evaluation
		What Do We Evaluate?
		Who Should Do the Evaluating?
		Methods of Performance Evaluation
		Suggestions for Improving Performance Evaluations
		Providing Performance Feedback
		International Variations in Performance Appraisal
		Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Giving Performance Feedback?
		The Leadership Role of HR
		Designing and Administering Benefit Programs
		Drafting and Enforcing Employment Policies
		An Ethical Choice HIV/AIDS and the Multinational Organization
		Managing Work–Life Conflicts
		Myth or Science? “Work–Family Policies Make Good Business Sense”
		Mediations, Terminations, and Layoffs
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Social Media Is a Great Source of New Hires
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Evaluating Performance and Providing Feedback
		Ethical Dilemma Credit Checking
		Case Incident 1 Who Are You?
		Case Incident 2 Indentured Doctors
	18 Organizational Change and Stress Management
		Self-Assessment Library How Well Do I Respond to Turbulent Change?
		Forces for Change
		Planned Change
		Resistance to Change
		glOBalization! The State of Perpetual Change: Globalization
		Overcoming Resistance to Change
		The Politics of Change
		Approaches to Managing Organizational Change
		Lewin’s Three-Step Model
		Kotter’s Eight-Step Plan for Implementing Change
		Action Research
		Organizational Development
		Creating a Culture for Change
		Stimulating a Culture of Innovation
		Creating a Learning Organization
		Organizational Change and Stress
		Work Stress and Its Management
		What Is Stress?
		Potential Sources of Stress
		Individual Differences
		Cultural Differences
		Self-Assessment Library How Stressful Is My Life?
		Consequences of Stress
		Myth or Science? “When You’re Working Hard, Sleep Is Optional”
		Managing Stress
		An Ethical Choice Manager and Employee Stress during Organizational Change
		Summary
		Implications for Managers
		Point/Counterpoint Responsible Managers Relieve Stress for Their Employees
		Questions for Review
		Experiential Exercise Strategizing Change
		Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC
		Case Incident 1 Starbucks Returns to Its Roots
		Case Incident 2 Embracing Change Through Operational Leadership
Appendix Research in Organizational Behavior
Comprehensive Cases
Glossary
Endnotes
Indexes
	Name Index
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	Organizations Index
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