Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems

Front Cover
 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems
 Related titles
 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems: Technologies and Applications
 Copyright
 Contents
 List of contributors
 Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
 One --
Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle power systems
 1 --
Theoretical basis of the Organic Rankine Cycle
 1.1 Introduction
 1.2 The unique features of Organic Rankine Cycles
 1.3 Why air (or any other gas) is not an appropriate working fluid for a power cycle operating with low-medium temperature heat ... 1.3.1 The only thermodynamic processes which are technologically feasible in a power cycle1.3.2 The poor air (or any other gas) power cycle performance at low Tmax temperature
 1.3.3 The second-law analysis of air power cycles (with reference to a constant temperature heat source)
 1.3.4 The advantages of substituting a gas cycle with a Rankine cycle
 1.4 Why water is not the right working fluid for power cycles fed by energy sources of limited capacity
 1.4.1 The steam turbine issue for steam cycles
 1.5 Thermodynamic issues related to the choice of working fluid
 1.5.1 Heat sources 1.5.1.1 Constant temperature heat sources1.5.1.2 Variable temperature heat sources
 1.6 Criteria for the selection of the working fluid
 1.6.1 General requirements shared with the refrigerating and air-conditioning industry
 1.6.2 A specific requirement for Organic Rankine Cycles: thermal stability
 1.6.3 Requirements on thermodynamic properties to be optimized
 2 --
History of Organic Rankine Cycle systems
 2.1 Introduction
 2.2 Learning by doing: from steam engine to thermodynamics
 2.3 From steam engine to ORC, progress based on practical engineering and not on theory 2.4 Rebirth of the ORC: integrating thermodynamics and system design2.4.1 University of Naples
 2.4.2 National Physical Laboratory of Israel
 2.4.3 Politecnico di Milano
 2.4.4 Lappeenranta University of Technology
 2.4.5 Various demonstration units
 2.4.6 New cycles proposed
 2.5 Early commercial plants
 2.6 Commercialization of ORC systems, present status
 2.6.1 Established dedicated ORC manufacturers
 2.6.1.1 Ormat
 2.6.1.2 Turboden
 2.6.2 New entrants (in alphabetical order)
 2.6.2.1 Adoratec
 2.6.2.2 Atlas Copco
 2.6.2.3 ElectraTherm
 2.6.2.4 Exergy
 2.6.2.5 General Electric (GE) 2.6.2.6 GMK2.6.2.7 Triogen Company (Triogen)
 2.6.2.8 Turbine air systems (TAS)
 2.6.2.9 United Technologies/Pratt and Whitney
 2.6.2.10 Various new entrants
 2.7 Software development
 2.8 Summary
 References
 3 --
Technical options for Organic Rankine Cycle systems
 3.1 Equipment list
 3.1.1 Heat exchangers
 3.1.1.1 Shell and Tubes
 3.1.1.2 Evaporators and water cooled condensers
 3.1.1.3 Air cooled condensers
 3.1.1.4 Recuperator
 3.1.1.5 Brazed plate and plate fin
 3.1.2 Expander
 3.1.2.1 Turbomachines
 3.1.2.2 Volumetric expanders
 3.1.3 Pumps