Organic Electronics, Volume 2: Applications and Marketing

Cover
Half-Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
1. Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
	1.1. Introduction
	1.2. Reminders on optics
		1.2.1. Photometry and radiometry
		1.2.2. Colors
	1.3. OLED operating principle
		1.3.1. P–N junction LED
		1.3.2. OLEDs
	1.4. OLED applications
		1.4.1. OLEDs for lighting
		1.4.2. OLEDs for display
		1.4.3. OLEDs for automotive equipment
	1.5. Conclusion
2. Organic Solar Cells
	2.1. Introduction
	2.2. Solar spectrum
	2.3. Operating principle
		2.3.1. Absorption of photons
		2.3.2. Diffusion of excitons
		2.3.3. Dissociation of excitons
		2.3.4. Diffusion of carriers to electrodes
		2.3.5. Collection of charges
		2.3.6. Process optimization for an organic solar cell
	2.4. Characteristic parameters of solar cells
		2.4.1. Current–voltage characteristics
		2.4.2. Photovoltaic parameters of a solar cell
		2.4.3. Efficiency
	2.5. Organic materials
		2.5.1. Electron donor materials
		2.5.2. Electron acceptor materials
	2.6. P3HT:PCBM
	2.7. Perovskite
		2.7.1. Structure of perovskite
		2.7.2. Solar cells based on perovskite
		2.7.3. Conversion efficiency
		2.7.4. Problems with the use of perovskite solar cells
	2.8. Solar cells based on organic, hybrid and silicon materials
	2.9. Strategies to improve the performance of organic and hybrid solar cells
		2.9.1. Low bandgap semiconductors
		2.9.2. Tandem cells
	2.10. Conclusion
3. Organic Transistors
	3.1. Introduction
	3.2. Operating principle
		3.2.1. Transistor effect
		3.2.2. Field effect
	3.3. Principal OFET parameters
		3.3.1. Charge carrier mobility
		3.3.2. Contact resistance
		3.3.3. Hysteresis
		3.3.4. Gate-bias stress effects, VGS
		3.3.5. Ion/Ioff current ratio
	3.4. Materials
		3.4.1. Metals used for electrodes
		3.4.2. Dielectric materials
		3.4.3. Active organic materials
	3.5. Ambipolar transistors and semiconductors
		3.5.1. Ambipolar semiconductors
		3.5.2. Ambipolar transistors
	3.6. Light-emitting transistors
		3.6.1. Ambipolar OLETs with BHJ structure
		3.6.2. Single-semiconductor ambipolar OLETs
		3.6.3. Vertical OLETs
	3.7. OFET applications
		3.7.1. RFID tags
		3.7.2. Sensors
		3.7.3. Active-matrix displays
	3.8. Conclusion
4. The Brabec Triangle
	4.1. Introduction
	4.2. Device efficiency
		4.2.1. OLED efficiency
		4.2.2. Solar cell efficiency
		4.2.3. OFET performance
	4.3. Stability of materials and devices
		4.3.1. Process of degradation of organic materials and devices
		4.3.2. Classification of device degradation mechanisms
		4.3.3. Degradation of OFETs
		4.3.4. Measuring the lifetime of devices
	4.4. Organic device production cost and marketing
		4.4.1. Production of OLEDs
		4.4.2. Production of OSCs
		4.4.3. Production of OFETs
	4.5. Synthesis on Brabec’s criteria
	4.6. Environmental dimension
		4.6.1. Life-cycle assessment
		4.6.2. Levelized cost of energy
		4.6.3. Energy payback time
		4.6.4. Life cycle of organic solar cells
		4.6.5. Fate of released pollutants
		4.6.6. Mass production and environment
	4.7. Prospects and developments
List of Acronyms
	General terms
	Materials
References
Index
Other titles from iSTE in Electronics Engineering