Organic Electronics Materials and Devices

Cover
Half Title
Organic Electronics Materials and Devices
Copyright
Collaborators
Preface
Contents
1. Physics of Organic Field-Effect Transistors and the Materials
	1.1 Fundamentals for Crystalline Organic Semiconductors
		1.1.1 Semiconductors with Hierarchical Structure
		1.1.2 π-Electrons as Source of Mobile Carriers
		1.1.3 Molecular Orbitals
		1.1.4 Optical Transition of Molecule
		1.1.5 Electronic Band Formation and Carrier Transport
		1.1.6 Crystal Structures
		1.1.7 Optical Properties and Excitonic Effects
		1.1.8 Architecture of Organic Field-Effect Transistors
	1.2 Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic Field-Effect Transistors
		1.2.1 Overview
		1.2.2 Field-Induced Electron Spin Resonance
			1.2.2.1 Electron Spin Resonance
			1.2.2.2 Field-Induced Electron Spin Resonance Technique
			1.2.2.3 Motional Narrowing Effects
		1.2.3 Carrier Transport Inside Microcrystal Domains
		1.2.4 Density of Trap States Inside Microcrystal Domains
		1.2.5 Carrier Transport Across Domain Boundaries
		1.2.6 Short Summary and Outlook
	1.3 Gate Modulation Spectroscopy and Imaging
		1.3.1 Introduction
		1.3.2 Separation of Charge and Field Effects
		1.3.3 Development of GM Imaging Technique
			1.3.3.1 Fast Optical Inspection of Integrated Circuits
			1.3.3.2 High-Resolution Microscopic GM Imaging
		1.3.4 Observation of Giant Excitonic Electro-Optic Response
	1.4 Print Production of Electronic Materials: Its Challenges and Technologies
		1.4.1 Introduction
		1.4.2 Printing Semiconductor Devices?
		1.4.3 Double-Shot Inkjet Printing Technique
			1.4.3.1 Mixing Process of Chemically Different Microdroplets
			1.4.3.2 Single-Domain Formation
			1.4.3.3 Thin-Film Characteristics
		1.4.4 Push Coating Technique
		1.4.5 Printing of Ultrafine Metal Wiring
			1.4.5.1 Materials and Techniques for Printing Electrodes and Wiring
			1.4.5.2 Nanoparticle Chemisorption Printing Technique for Ultrafine Metal Wiring
		1.4.6 Short Summary and Outlook
	1.5 Extremely Sharp Switching Operation of Printed Transistors Using Highly Layered-Crystalline Organic Semiconductors
		1.5.1 Introduction
		1.5.2 Development of Highly Layered-Crystalline Organic Semiconductors
			1.5.2.1 Unsymmetrically Alkylated Organic Semiconductors and Origin of Its High Layered Crystallinity
			1.5.2.2 Various Molecular Designs and the Effects for Layered Molecular Arrangements
			1.5.2.3 Long-Axis Orientational Order and Liquid-Crystal Phase Transition
		1.5.3 Meniscus-Guided Coating
			1.5.3.1 Single-Crystal Thin-Film Formation and Interlayer Access Resistance
			1.5.3.2 Construction of a Single Molecular Bilayer-Type Ultrathin Semiconductor Layer
			1.5.3.3 Molecular Orientation and Stepwise Ordering at the Air-Liquid Interface
		1.5.4 Clean Interface Construction and Very Sharp Switching
			1.5.4.1 Realization of a Solution-Based Highly Uniform Thin-Film Formation on Highly Liquid-Repellent Surfaces
			1.5.4.2 Very Sharp Switching Operation
			1.5.4.3 Spin Coating for a Very Sharp Switching Device
		1.5.5 Short Summary and Outlook
	References
2. Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs): Materials, Photophysics, and Device Physics
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Basis of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
		2.2.1 Progress of Device Structures
		2.2.2 Luminescence Mechanisms of Organic Molecules and Solid Films
		2.2.3 Efficiency Roll-Off in OLEDs
		2.2.4 White OLEDs
		2.2.5 Solution-Processed OLEDs
		2.2.6 Some Critical Issues in OLEDs
	2.3 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for OLEDs
		2.3.1 Principle of TADF in OLEDs
		2.3.2 TADF Characteristics of Triazine Derivatives
		2.3.3 TADF Characteristics of Spiro Derivatives.
		2.3.4 TADF Characteristics of CDCB Derivatives
		2.3.5 TADF Characteristics of Exciplexes.
		2.3.6 Outlook of TADF
	2.4 NIR-OLED
		2.4.1 Recent Progress of NIR-OLED
		2.4.2 Utilization of Exciton Sensitization Process by TADF Molecules
		2.4.3 Utilization of Exciton Sensitization Process by Singlet Fragmentation
		2.4.4 Development of TADF Molecules Exhibiting High-Efficiency Near-Infrared Luminescence
	References
3. Organic Solar Cells
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Mechanism of Charge Separation
	3.3 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
	3.4 Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells
	3.5 Perovskite Solar Cells
	3.6 Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
	3.7 Conclusion
	References
4. Printed Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Integrated Circuits
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Principles of Voltage Amplifiers
		4.2.1 Voltage Transfer Curves of Inverters and Amplifiers
		4.2.2 Feedback Circuits
	4.3 Designing OTFT Circuits
		4.3.1 Materials
			4.3.1.1 Substrates
			4.3.1.2 Electrodes and Interconnections
			4.3.1.3 Carrier Injection Layers
			4.3.1.4 Gate Dielectrics
			4.3.1.5 Semiconductors
			4.3.1.6 Other Components
		4.3.2 Deposition and Patterning Methods
		4.3.3 Design Rule and Device Parameters
		4.3.4 Schematic Design and Circuit Simulation
		4.3.5 Layout
		4.3.6 Fabrication and Evaluation
	4.4 Requirements for Printed OTFT Circuits
		4.4.1 Flat and Thin Electrodes
		4.4.2 Fast Operation
		4.4.3 Profile Control of Inkjet-Printed Silver Electrodes
		4.4.4 Improvement of Field-Effect Mobility for Printed OTFT Devices
	4.5 Examples of Printed OTFT Circuits
		4.5.1 Ultra-Flexible and Large-Area Circuits
		4.5.2 Digital Logic Gates
		4.5.3 Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags
		4.5.4 Pseudo-CMOS Logic Circuits
		4.5.5 Wearable Biosensors
		4.5.6 Electrostatic Proximity Sensor Matrix
	References
5. Ultra-Flexible Organic Electronics
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Ultra-Flexible Electronics
		5.2.1 Ultra-Flexible Organic Integrated Circuits
		5.2.2 Ultra-Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
		5.2.3 Ultra-Flexible Organic Photodetectors
		5.2.4 Sensor Applications of Ultra-Flexible Organic Optical Devices
	5.3 Sheet-Type Image Sensor
	5.4 Flexible Temperature Sensor
		5.4.1 Conventional Flexible Temperature Sensor
		5.4.2 Polymer Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) Type Temperature Sensor
		5.4.3 Polymer PTC with Sensitivity Near Body Temperature
		5.4.4 Measurement of Biological Temperature
		5.4.5 Application for Wearable Devices
	5.5 Breathable Nanomesh Sensors
	5.6 Summary
	References
6. Polymer Nanosheets with Printed Electronics for Wearable and Implantable Devices
	6.1 Polymer Nanosheets
		6.1.1 What Is Polymer Nanosheets?
		6.1.2 Polymer Nanosheets and Their Characteristics
	6.2 Development of Biological Tissue-Compatible Electronics Based on Polymer Nanosheets Functionalized Using Printing Technolo...
		6.2.1 Inkjet Printing
		6.2.2 Conductive Nanosheets
			6.2.2.1 Bio-electrodes for Humans and Plants
			6.2.2.2 Low Voltage-Driven Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs)
			6.2.2.3 Multilayered DEAs
	6.3 Development of Implantable Medical Devices
		6.3.1 Electronic Devices That Use Bioadhesive Nanosheets for Cancer Therapy
		6.3.2 Development of a Thin-Film Thermotherapy Device That Attaches to Biological Tissues
	6.4 Summary and Future Outlook
	References
7. Solution-Processed Organic LEDs and Perovskite LEDs
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Solution Processable Materials
		7.2.1 Fluorescent Oligomer
		7.2.2 Phosphorescence Dendrimer
		7.2.3 Electron Injection Materials
		7.2.4 Polymer Binder
	7.3 Solution-Processed Multilayer Small-Molecule OLEDs
		7.3.1 Solubility of Small-Molecule Materials
		7.3.2 Green and Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs
		7.3.3 White Phosphorescent OLEDs
	7.4 Solution-Processed Tandem OLEDs
		7.4.1 Solution-Evaporation Hybrid Tandem OLEDs
		7.4.2 Fully Solution-Processed Tandem OLEDs
	7.5 Development of High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Quantum Dot LEDs
		7.5.1 Overview and Issues of Perovskite Quantum Dots (QDs)
		7.5.2 Synthesis of Red Perovskite QDs
		7.5.3 Optical Properties of Perovskite QDs with Different Size
		7.5.4 Energy Transfer Between Perovskite QDs
		7.5.5 Development of Red Perovskite QD-LEDs
	7.6 Development of Low-Oxidation Tin-Based Perovskite LEDs
		7.6.1 Overview and Issues of Lead-Free Perovskite
		7.6.2 Development of Tin-Based Perovskite by Two-Step Crystallization
		7.6.3 Crystal Structure and Chemical Composition of Tin-Based Perovskite
		7.6.4 Optical Properties of Tin-Based Perovskite
		7.6.5 Development of Tin-Based Perovskite LED
	7.7 Summary
	References
8. Transient Properties and Analysis of Organic Photonic Devices
	8.1 Introduction and Applications
	8.2 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
		8.2.1 Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode
			8.2.1.1 Transient EL in Alq3-Based Devices
			8.2.1.2 Impedance Spectroscopy in Alq3-Based Device Using Surface-Modified ITO
			8.2.1.3 High-Speed Modulation of OLED
		8.2.2 Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
			8.2.2.1 Transient EL of Blue PHOLED
			8.2.2.2 Transient EL of White OLED with Phosphorescent and Fluorescent Dyes
			8.2.2.3 Transient EL of White to Near-Infrared PHOLEDs with Ir and Pt Complexes
			8.2.2.4 Improvement of PEDOT:PSS for Blue PHOLEDs
	8.3 AC-Driven Insulated Organic Electroluminescent Devices
	8.4 Organic Light-Emitting Transistors
	8.5 Organic Photodetectors
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
9. Microfluidic Self-Emissive Devices
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Fabrication of Electro-microfluidic Device on a Glass
	9.3 Host-Guest ECL Solutions
		9.3.1 Red Host-Guest Solution
		9.3.2 Green Host-Guest Solution
		9.3.3 Sky-Blue Host-Guest Solution
		9.3.4 White Host-Guest Solution
	9.4 Yellow ECL Solution Doped with an Emitting Assist Dopant
	9.5 Microfluidic ECL Device Having an Electron Injection Layer
	9.6 Microfluidic OLEDs
		9.6.1 Evaluation of Microfluidic Device Having Liquid Organic Semiconductors
		9.6.2 Flexible Electro-microfluidic Devices
	9.7 Summary
	References