Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Biomarkers in the Progression  and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	Latest Diagnostic Methods
		Vital Staining
		Oral Brush Biopsy
		Saliva Based OSCC Diagnosis
		Light-Based Detection System
		Other Light-Based Detection Systems include
		Chemiluminescence Based Detection
		Histological and Cytological Techniques
		Molecular Analysis
	Eminence of Biomarkers in OSCC Therapy
	Identification of Candidate Biomarkers in OSCC
		Prognostic Biomarkers
		Predictive Biomarkers
		Diagnostic Biomarkers
		Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers
		Risk Assessment Biomarkers
	Classification of OSCC Biomarkers
	Biomarkers in Genomics
	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
	Chromosomal Rearrangements
	Epigenetic Modifications as Biomarkers
	RNA as Biomarkers
	Proteomic Biomarkers
	Metabolomic Biomarkers
	Challenges in OSCC Biomarker Development
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2
Buccal Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment and Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Carcinoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Definitions and Fundamentals
		Oral Mucosal Environment in Oral Cancer as a Route  for Drug Administration
		Challenges and Benefits of the Local Treatment of OSCC
		Suitable Physicochemical and Biopharmaceuticals Characteristics of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
	Drug Delivery Systems for Local Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
		Strategies
		Technology
		Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
		Safety and Toxicity
			In Vivo Evaluation
			In Vitro Evaluation
			Clinical Trials
	Patents and Market
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3
Unraveling the Targets of Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous  Cell Carcinoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Cancer Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
	Mechanisms for Drug Resistance in Oral CSCs
	Oral Cancer Stem Cell Markers
	Diagnostic Approaches in the Determination  of CSCs in OSCC
	Putative Signaling Pathways Triggering  the CSCs Proliferation in OSCC
	Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)  and Oral Cancer Stem Cells
	Future Therapeutics and Possible Clinical Implications of CSCs in OSCC
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4
Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Oral Cancer
	Challenges and Limitations in OSCC Treatment
	Nanotechnology
	Nanomedicine
	Cancer Nanotechnology
	Nanotechnology and OSCC
	Nanotechnology in OSCC Diagnosis
	Nanotechnology in OSCC Treatment
	Nano-Based Drug Delivery for OSCC
	Clinical Trials of Nanomedicine for OSCC
	Safety Issues of Nanotechnology
	Future Perspectives
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5
Biomarkers: A Powerful Armor  for Diagnosis of Oral Squamous  Cell Carcinoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
		What is a Biomarker?
		Biomarkers in OSCC
			Epigenetics
				p16INK4a Expression in OSCC
			Proteomics
			RNA and MicroRNA
				IL-8 and IL-1B
				DUSP1
				S100 Calcium Binding Protein p
			Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
				Ornithine Decarboxylase Antizyme 1
		Clinical Implication of Biomarkers in Detection of OSCC
		Sensitivity and Specificity of Biomarkers
		Challenges in Developing a Reliable Biomarker  for Detection of OSCC
	Conclusion
	References
Index
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