Optical Communications: Components and Systems

Preface to the Third Edition
Contents
List of Symbols
About the Author
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 Historical Background
	1.2 The Optical Communications Link
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 2: Optical Fibre
	2.1 Propagation of Light in a Dielectric
		2.1.1 The Wave Equation
		2.1.2 Propagation Parameters
		2.1.3 Group Velocity and Material Dispersion
	2.2 Propagation in a Planar Dielectric Waveguide
		2.2.1 Reflection and Refraction at Boundaries
		2.2.2 Propagation Modes: Ray-Path Analysis
		2.2.3 Propagation Modes: Modal Analysis
		2.2.4 Modal Dispersion: Ray-Path Analysis
		2.2.5 Modal Dispersion: Modal Analysis
		2.2.6 Waveguide Dispersion: Ray-Path and Modal Analysis
		2.2.7 Numerical Aperture
	2.3 Propagation in Optical Fibres
		2.3.1 Propagation in Step-Index Optical Fibres
		2.3.2 Dispersion in Cylindrical Waveguides
		2.3.3 Step-Index Multimode Fibre
		2.3.4 Step-Index Single-Mode Fibre
		2.3.5 Graded-Index Fibre
	2.4 Calculation of Fibre Bandwidth
	2.5 Attenuation in Optical Fibres
		2.5.1 Impurity Absorption
		2.5.2 Rayleigh Scattering
		2.5.3 Material Absorption
		2.5.4 Electron Absorption
		2.5.5 PCS and All-Plastic Fibres
	2.6 Fibre Materials and Fabrication Methods
		2.6.1 Materials
		2.6.2 Modified Chemical Vapour Deposition (MCVD)
		2.6.3 Fibre Drawing from a Perform
		2.6.4 Fibre Drawing from a Double Crucible
	2.7 Connectors and Couplers
		2.7.1 Optical Fibre Connectors
		2.7.2 Optical Fibre Couplers
	Recommended Readings
Chapter 3: Optical Transmitters
	3.1 Semiconductor Diodes
		3.1.1 Intrinsic Semiconductor Material
		3.1.2 Extrinsic Semiconductor Material
		3.1.3 The p-n Junction Diode Under Zero Bias
		3.1.4 The p-n Junction Diode Under Forward Bias
	3.2 Light Emission in Semiconductors
		3.2.1 Direct and Indirect Band-Gap Materials
		3.2.2 Rate Equations
	3.3 Heterojunction Semiconductor Light Sources
	3.4 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
		3.4.1 Surface-Emitting LEDs
		3.4.2 Edge-Emitting LEDs (ELEDs)
		3.4.3 Spectral Characteristics
		3.4.4 Modulation Capabilities and Conversion Efficiency
	3.5 Semiconductor Laser Diodes (SLDs)
		3.5.1 Stimulated Emission
		3.5.2 Spectral Characteristics
		3.5.3 Modulation Capabilities
		3.5.4 SLD Structures
	3.6 Solid-State and Gas Lasers
		3.6.1 Nd3 +:YAG Lasers
		3.6.2 HeNe Lasers
	3.7 Light-Wave Modulation
		3.7.1 LED Drive Circuits
		3.7.2 SLD Drive Circuits
		3.7.3 External Modulators
	3.8 Fibre Lasers
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 4: Photodiodes
	4.1 V-I Characteristics of Photodiodes
	4.2 Photoconduction in Semiconductors
		4.2.1 Photon Absorption in Intrinsic Material
		4.2.2 Photon Absorption in Reverse-Biased p-n Diodes
	4.3 PIN Photodiodes
		4.3.1 Structure
		4.3.2 Depletion Layer Depth and Punch-Through Voltage
		4.3.3 Speed Limitations
		4.3.4 Photodiode Circuit Model
		4.3.5 Long-Wavelength PIN Photodiodes
	4.4 Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs)
		4.4.1 APD Structures
		4.4.2 Current Multiplication
		4.4.3 Speed Limitations
	4.5 Metal Semiconductor Metal (MSM) Photodiodes
	4.6 Photodiode Noise
		4.6.1 PIN Photodiode Noise
		4.6.2 APD Noise
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 5: Introduction to Receiver Design
	5.1 Fundamentals of Noise Performance
	5.2 Digital Receiver Noise
		5.2.1 Raised-Cosine Spectrum Pulses
		5.2.2 Determination of I2 and I3
		5.2.3 Statistical Decision Theory
		5.2.4 Photodiode Noise
		5.2.5 Timing Extraction
	5.3 Analogue Receiver Noise
	5.4 Comparison of APD and PIN Receivers
	5.5 Measurement and Prediction of Receiver Sensitivity
		5.5.1 Measurement of Receiver Sensitivity
		5.5.2 Prediction of Receiver Sensitivity
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 6: Preamplifier Design
	6.1 High Input Impedance Preamplifiers
		6.1.1 Frequency Response
		6.1.2 Noise Analysis
		6.1.3 Dynamic Range
		6.1.4 Design Example
	6.2 Transimpedance Preamplifiers
		6.2.1 Frequency Response
		6.2.2 Noise Analysis
		6.2.3 Dynamic Range
		6.2.4 Design Example
	6.3 Common-Collector Front-End Transimpedance Designs
		6.3.1 Frequency Response
		6.3.2 Noise Analysis
		6.3.3 Design Example
	6.4 Bootstrapped Common-Collector Front-End Transimpedance Designs
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 7: Current Systems and Future Trends
	7.1 System Design
	7.2 Current Systems
	7.3 Long-Haul High-Data-Rate Links
		7.3.1 Optical Fibre Transmission Bands
		7.3.2 Advanced Modulation Techniques
		7.3.3 Fibre Amplifiers
		7.3.4 Coherent Detection
		7.3.5 Wideband Preamplifiers
		7.3.6 Optical Solitons
	7.4 Free-Space Optical Communications
	7.5 Future Trends
		7.5.1 Fluoride-Based Optical Fibres
		7.5.2 Graphene Detectors
		7.5.3 Optical Wireless
		7.5.4 Crystalline Fibres
		7.5.5 Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM)
		7.5.6 Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
	Recommended Reading
Index