Opportunities In The Fusion Energy Sciences Program

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Preface......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
List Of Figures......Page 8
List Of Tables......Page 12
Executive Summary......Page 14
1.1 The Science Of Fusion......Page 18
1.2 The Strategic Role Of Fusion Energy Research......Page 19
1.3 Two Pathways To Fusion Energy......Page 20
1.5 The Future Program......Page 22
Unknown......Page 0
:......Page 23
1.6 Outline Of Report......Page 25
2.1.1 Fusion Fuel Cycles......Page 28
2.1.2 Environmental And Safety Aspects Of Fusion Energy Production......Page 29
2.1.3 Fusion Confinement Concepts......Page 30
2.1.4 Progress In Fusion Energy Research......Page 32
2.2.1 Introduction......Page 33
2.2.2 Physics Of Magnetic Confinement......Page 35
2.2.3 Path To Magnetic Fusion Energy......Page 44
2.2.4 Opportunities In Mfe......Page 60
2.2.5 Longer Term Opportunities (t-20)......Page 67
2.2.6 Technology Opportunities......Page 69
2.3.1 Introduction......Page 82
2.3.2 Icf Target Physics......Page 84
2.3.3 An Ife Development Pathway For Lasers And Ion Beams......Page 96
2.3.4 Ife Drivers......Page 99
2.3.5 Ife Fusion Target Concepts And Design......Page 103
2.3.6 Ife Chamber And Target Technology R&d......Page 106
2.3.7 Target Injection And Tracking......Page 113
2.3.8 Target Fabrication......Page 114
2.3.9 Safety And Environment......Page 115
3.1.1 Plasma Science......Page 116
3.2.2 Long Mean-free Path Plasmas......Page 119
3.2.3 Turbulence......Page 120
3.2.5 Magnetic Reconnection......Page 121
3.2.6 Wave Propagation......Page 122
3.2.7 Nonneutral Plasmas......Page 123
3.2.8 Electrostatic Traps......Page 124
3.2.10 Opacity In Ice/ife......Page 125
3.2.12 Computer Modeling Of Plasma Systems......Page 126
3.2.13 Advanced Computation......Page 127
3.2.14 Dense Matter......Page 128
3.3.1 Bulk Materials Science......Page 129
3.3.2 Surface Materials Science And Atomic Physics......Page 130
3.3.4 Ablation, Radiation Gas Dynamics, And Condensation......Page 131
3.3.6 Pebble Bed Thermomechanics......Page 132
4.2.1 Microelectronics And Flat Panel Displays......Page 134
4.2.2 Materials And Manufacturing......Page 137
4.2.3 Environmental Applications......Page 138
4.2.4 Biomedical Applications......Page 140
4.2.5 Plasma Propulsion......Page 141
List Of Acronyms......Page 144
Appendix A Contributors......Page 150
Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 1998-1999......Page 152
Fesac Panel......Page 154
Author List For Appendix C......Page 156
Appendix B Stages Of Concept Development......Page 158
B.1 Fusion Energy Development......Page 161
B.2 Fusion Demonstration Power Plant......Page 162
Appendix C Topical Areas Characterization......Page 164
Title Page
......Page 166
Preface......Page 168
Contents......Page 170
C.1 Author List......Page 172
C.2 Magnetic Fusion Energy (mfe)......Page 174
M-1. STELLARATOR......Page 177
M-2. COMPACT STELLARATOR......Page 179
M-3. TOKAMAK......Page 181
M-4. ADVANCED TOKAMAK......Page 183
M-5. ELECTRIC TOKAMAK......Page 185
M-6. SPHERICAL TORUS......Page 187
M-7. REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH CONCEPT......Page 189
M-8. SPHEROMAK......Page 191
M-9. FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION......Page 193
M-10. LEVITATED DIPOLE FUSION CONCEPT......Page 195
M-11. OPEN-ENDED MAGNETIC FUSION SYSTEMS......Page 197
M-12. GAS DYNAMIC TRAP......Page 199
M-13. PLASMAS WITH STRONG EXTERNAL DRIVE......Page 201
M-14. MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION......Page 203
M-15. BOUNDARY PLASMA/WALL INTERACTIONS......Page 205
M-17. BURNING PLASMA EXPERIMENTAL OPTIONS......Page 209
M-18. INTEGRATED FUSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH......Page 211
M-19. VOLUMETRIC NEUTRON SOURCE......Page 213
M-20. ADVANCED FUELS......Page 215
C.3 Inertial Fusion Energy (ife)......Page 218
I-1. NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY......Page 221
I-2. INDIRECT-DRIVE INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY......Page 223
I-3. DIRECT-DRIVE INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY......Page 225
I-4. FAST IGNITION APPROACH TO INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY......Page 227
I-5. HEAVY ION ACCELERATORS FOR FUSION......Page 229
I-6. REPETITION-RATE KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASER......Page 231
I-7. SOLID-STATE LASER DRIVERS......Page 233
I-8. LASER AND PLASMA INTERACTIONS......Page 235
I-9. PULSED POWER......Page 237
I-10. TARGET DESIGN AND SIMULATIONS......Page 239
I-11. FINAL OPTICSÑLASER IFE......Page 241
I-12. LASER-DRIVEN NEUTRON SOURCES......Page 243
C.4 Plasma And Fusion Technologies......Page 246
T-1. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY......Page 249
T-2. ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING AND CURRENT DRIVE......Page 251
T-3. NEUTRAL BEAMS......Page 253
T-4. FUELING AND VACUUM......Page 255
T-5. DIVERTOR......Page 257
T-6. HIGH HEAT FLUX COMPONENTS AND PLASMA MATERIALS INTERACTIONS......Page 259
T-7. MFE LIQUID WALLS......Page 261
T-8. SHIELD/BLANKET......Page 263
T-9. RADIATION-RESISTANT MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT......Page 265
T-10. INTERNATIONAL FUSION MATERIALS IRRADIATION FACILITY......Page 267
T-11. TRITIUM SYSTEMS......Page 269
T-12. REMOTE MAINTENANCE......Page 271
T-13. MFE SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT......Page 273
T-14. IFE SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT......Page 275
T-15. IFE LIQUID-WALL CHAMBERS......Page 277
T-16. DRY WALL CHAMBERS......Page 279
T-17. IFE TARGET FABRICATION......Page 281
T-18. IFE TARGET INJECTION AND TRACKING......Page 283
T-19. IFE POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGIES......Page 285
T-20. ADVANCED DESIGN STUDIES......Page 287
C.5 Plasma Science......Page 290
S-1. HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICS......Page 291
S-2. LONG MEAN-FREE PATH PHYSICS......Page 293
S-3. WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS......Page 295
S-4. TURBULENCE......Page 297
S-5. HYDRODYNAMICS AND TURBULENCE......Page 299
S-6. DYNAMO AND RELAXATION......Page 301
S-7. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION......Page 303
S-8. DENSE MATTER PHYSICS......Page 305
S-9. NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS......Page 307
S-10. ELECTROSTATIC TRAPS......Page 309
S-11. ATOMIC PHYSICS......Page 311
S-12. OPACITY IN ICF/IFE......Page 313
S-13. MFE PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS......Page 315
S-14. IFE DIAGNOSTICS......Page 317
S-15. ADVANCED COMPUTATION......Page 319
S-16. COMPUTER MODELING OF PLASMA SYSTEMS......Page 321
S-17. ASTROPHYSICS USING FUSION FACILITIES......Page 323
C.6 Near-term Commercial Applications......Page 326
N-1. SEMICONDUCTORS......Page 327
N-2. ADVANCED MATERIALS PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING......Page 329
N-3. ENVIRONMENT......Page 331
N-4. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 333
N-5. PLASMA PROPULSION......Page 335
Acronyms And Abbreviations......Page 338