Operations Management

Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
1.2 Historical Development......Page 14
1.4 Production System......Page 16
1.5.1 Job-Shop Production......Page 17
1.5.3 Mass Production......Page 18
1.5.4 Continuous Production......Page 19
1.7 Operations System......Page 20
1.7.1 A Framework of Managing Operations......Page 21
1.8 Operations Management......Page 22
1.9 Operations Management Objectives......Page 24
1.10 The Strategic Role of Operations......Page 26
1.11.3 Strategic Planning—Forced Choice Model......Page 28
1.11.4 A Strategic Planning Operations Model......Page 29
1.12 The Trend: Information and Non Manufacturing Systems......Page 30
1.13.2 Factor Productivity and Total Productivity......Page 31
1.14 Factors Affecting Productivity......Page 32
1.16 The Environment of Operations......Page 33
1.17 Scope of Operations Management......Page 34
Exercise......Page 38
References......Page 39
2.2 Management as a Science......Page 40
2.4 Framework for Decision-Making 
......Page 41
2.5.2 Risk and Uncertainty Methods......Page 43
2.5.4 Decision-Making Under Uncertainty......Page 44
2.5.5 Decision-Making Under Risk......Page 46
2.7.1 Break-even Analysis......Page 48
2.8 Statistical Models......Page 56
2.8.1 Equations for Discrete and Continuous Data......Page 58
2.9 Decision Tree......Page 59
Exercise......Page 62
References......Page 64
3.2 Manufacturing and Service Systems......Page 66
3.3 Design and Systems Capacity......Page 67
3.5 Process of Capacity Planning......Page 68
3.6 Imporatnce of Capacity Decisions......Page 70
References......Page 73
4.2 Need for Selecting a Suitable Location......Page 74
4.3.1 General Locational Factors......Page 79
4.3.2 Specific Locational Factors for Manufacturing Organisation......Page 83
4.3.3 Specific Locational Factors for Service Organisation......Page 84
4.4 Location Theories......Page 85
4.5.1 Factor Rating Method......Page 86
4.5.2 Weighted Factor Rating Method......Page 87
4.5.3 Load-distance Method......Page 88
4.5.4 Centre of Gravity......Page 90
4.5.5 Break-even Analysis......Page 91
4.6 Locational Economics......Page 93
4.7.1 Objectives of Plant Layout......Page 94
4.8.1 Process Layout......Page 95
4.8.2 Product Layout......Page 96
4.8.3 Combination Layout......Page 97
4.8.5 Group Layout (or Cellular Layout)......Page 98
4.9 Design of Product Layout......Page 100
4.10 Design of Process Layout......Page 104
4.11 Service Layout......Page 107
4.12 Organisation of Physical Facilities......Page 108
Exercise......Page 115
5.3 Forecasting Decision Variables......Page 118
5.4.2 Time Series Methods......Page 119
5.5 Exponential Smoothing......Page 125
5.5.1 Adjusted Exponential Smoothing......Page 126
5.6.1 Regression......Page 127
5.6.2 Correlation......Page 130
5.7.1 Forecast Controls......Page 132
Exercise......Page 138
References......Page 141
6.2 Purpose of a Product Design......Page 142
6.3 Product Analysis......Page 143
6.3.1 Marketing Aspect......Page 144
6.3.2 The Product Characteristics......Page 146
6.3.3 Economic Analysis......Page 149
6.4.1 Product Planning......Page 163
6.4.2 Process Design : MACRO......Page 165
6.5 Design for Manufacture (DFM)......Page 166
6.6 Design for Excellence......Page 169
6.6.1 Concurrent Development Activities......Page 171
References......Page 173
7.2 Scope or Functions of Materials Management......Page 174
7.3.1 Techniques of Material Planning......Page 176
7.4.1 Objectives of Purchasing......Page 177
7.4.2 Parameters of Purchasing......Page 178
7.4.3 Purchasing Procedure......Page 180
7.4.4 Selection of Suppliers......Page 182
7.4.5 Special Purchasing Systems......Page 186
7.5 Stores Management......Page 187
7.5.1 Codification......Page 188
7.6.3 Meaning of Inventory Control......Page 189
7.6.6 Techniques of Inventory Control......Page 190
7.6.7 Inventory Model......Page 192
7.7.1 Advantages of Standardization......Page 196
7.9 Value Analysis......Page 198
7.9.2 Steps in Value Analysis......Page 199
7.10.1 Objectives of Human Engineering......Page 200
7.11.1 Seven Wastes......Page 201
7.11.2 Benefits of JIT......Page 202
Exercise......Page 203
8.1 Introduction......Page 204
8.2 Variables Used Aggregate Planning......Page 205
8.3 Aggregate Planning Strategies......Page 208
8.4 Mixed Strategies......Page 211
8.5 Mathematical Planning Models......Page 213
8.6 Master Scheduling......Page 215
8.6.1 Master Scheduling Planning Horizon......Page 216
8.6.2 Master Scheduling Format......Page 217
8.6.3 Available-to-Promise Quantities......Page 218
Exercise......Page 227
References......Page 230
9.1 MRP and CRP Objectives......Page 231
9.2.2 Low-level Coding......Page 233
9.3 MRP Logic......Page 238
9.5 Safety Stock, Lot Sizing and System Updating......Page 241
9.7 Loading......Page 245
9.7.1 Steps in the Loading......Page 246
9.7.2 Loading Concepts......Page 247
Exercise......Page 248
References......Page 249
10.2 Concept of Single Machine Scheduling......Page 251
10.3 Measures of Performance......Page 252
10.4 Shortest Processing Time (SPT) Rule......Page 253
10.5 WSPT Rule......Page 254
10.7 Minimizing the Number of Tardy Jobs......Page 255
10.8 Flow Shop Scheduling......Page 258
10.9.1 Johnson’s Algorithm......Page 260
10.9.2 Extension of Johnson’s Rule......Page 261
10.10 CDS Heuristic......Page 263
10.11 Job-Shop Problem......Page 265
10.12 Types of Schedules......Page 266
10.14 Priority Dispatching Rules......Page 267
10.15 Two Jobs and M Machines Scheduling
......Page 268
Exercise......Page 270
References......Page 271
Glossary......Page 273