Operating Systems / Betriebssysteme: Bilingual Edition: English – German / Zweisprachige Ausgabe: Englisch – Deutsch (German and English Edition)

Preface to the second Edition
Preface to the first Edition
Contents
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1
Introduction
2
Fundamentals of Computer Science
	2.1
Bit
	2.2
Representation of Numbers
		2.2.1
Decimal System
		2.2.2
Binary System
		2.2.3
Octal System
		2.2.4
Hexadecimal System
	2.3
File and Storage Dimensions
	2.4
Information Representation
		2.4.1
ASCII Encoding
	2.5
Unicode
	2.6
Representation of Strings
3 Fundamentals of Operating Systems
	3.1
Operating Systems in Computer Science
	3.2
Positioning and Core Functionalities of Operating Systems
	3.3
Evolution of Operating Systems
		3.3.1
Second Generation of Computers
		3.3.2
Third Generation of Computers
		3.3.3
Fourth Generation of Computers
	3.4
Operating Modes
		3.4.1 Batch Processing and Time-sharing
		3.4.2
Singletasking and Multitasking
		3.4.3
Single-user and Multi-user
	3.5
8/16/32/64-Bit Operating Systems
	3.6
Real-Time Operating Systems
		3.6.1
Hard and Soft Real-Time Operating Systems
		3.6.2
Architectures of Real-Time Operating Systems
	3.7
Distributed Operating Systems
	3.8
Kernel Architectures
		3.8.1
Monolithic Kernels
		3.8.2
Microkernels
		3.8.3
Hybrid Kernels
	3.9
Structure (Layers) of Operating Systems
4
Fundamentals of Computer Architecture
	4.1
Von Neumann Architecture
		4.1.1 Central Processing Unit
		4.1.2
Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle
		4.1.3
Bus Lines
	4.2
Input/Output Devices
	4.3
Digital Data Storage
	4.4
Memory Hierarchy
		4.4.1
Register
		4.4.2
Cache
		4.4.3
Cache Write Policies
		4.4.4
Main Memory
		4.4.5
Hard Disk Drives
		4.4.6
Addressing Data on Hard Disk Drives
		4.4.7
Access Time of HDDs
		4.4.8
Solid-State Drives
		4.4.9
Reading Data from Flash Memory Cells
	4.5
RAID
		4.5.1
RAID 0
		4.5.2
RAID 1
		4.5.3
RAID 2
		4.5.4
RAID 3
		4.5.5 RAID 4
		4.5.6
RAID 5
		4.5.7
RAID 6
		4.5.8
RAID Combinations
5
Memory Management
	5.1
Memory Management Concepts
		5.1.1
Static Partitioning
		5.1.2
Dynamic Partitioning
		5.1.3
Buddy Memory Allocation
	5.2
Memory Addressing in Practice
		5.2.1
Real Mode
		5.2.2
Protected Mode and Virtual Memory
		5.2.3
Page-based Memory Management (Paging)
		5.2.4
Segment-based Memory Management (Segmentation)
		5.2.5
State of the Art of Virtual Memory
		5.2.6
Kernel Space and User Space
	5.3
Page Replacement Strategies
		5.3.1
Optimal Strategy
		5.3.2
Least Recently Used
		5.3.3
Least Frequently Used
		5.3.4
First In First Out
		5.3.5
Clock / Second Chance
		5.3.6
Random
6
File Systems
	6.1
Technical Principles of File Systems
	6.2
Block Addressing in Linux File Systems
		6.2.1
Minix
		6.2.2
ext2/3/4
	6.3
File Systems with a File Allocation Table
		6.3.1
FAT12
		6.3.2
FAT16
		6.3.3
FAT32
		6.3.4
VFAT
		6.3.5
exFAT
	6.4
Journaling File Systems
	6.5
Extent-based Addressing
		6.5.1
ext4
		6.5.2
NTFS
	6.6
Copy-on-Write
		6.6.1
ZFS
		6.6.2
Btrfs
		6.6.3
ReFS
	6.7
Accelerating Data Access with a Cache
	6.8
Defragmentation
7
System Calls
	7.1
User Mode and Kernel Mode
	7.2
System Calls and Libraries
	7.3
System Call Processing
8
Process Management
	8.1
Process Context
	8.2
Process States
	8.3
Structure of a Process in Memory
	8.4
Process Creation via fork
	8.5
Replacing Processes via exec
	8.6
Process Switching and Process Scheduling
		8.6.1
Priority-driven Scheduling
		8.6.2
First Come First Served
		8.6.3
Round Robin
		8.6.4
Shortest Job First / Shortest Process Next
		8.6.5
Shortest Remaining Time First
		8.6.6
Longest Job First
		8.6.7
Longest Remaining Time First
		8.6.8
Highest Response Ratio Next
		8.6.9
Earliest Deadline First
		8.6.10
Fair-Share Scheduling
		8.6.11
Multilevel Scheduling
		8.6.12
Scheduling of Linux Operating Systems
9
Interprocess Communication
	9.1
Critical Sections and Race Conditions
	9.2
Synchronization of Processes
		9.2.1
Specification of the Execution Order of Processes
		9.2.2
Protecting Critical Sections by Blocking
		9.2.3
Starvation and Deadlock
	9.3
Communication of Processes
		9.3.1
Shared Memory (System V)
		9.3.2
Shared Memory (POSIX)
		9.3.3 Message Queues (System
V)
		9.3.4
Message Queues (POSIX)
		9.3.5
Pipes
		9.3.6
Sockets
	9.4
Cooperation of Processes
		9.4.1
Semaphore according to Dijkstra
		9.4.2 Semaphores (System
V)
		9.4.3
Semaphores (POSIX)
		9.4.4
Mutex
		9.4.5
Monitor
10
Virtualization
	10.1
Partitioning
	10.2
Hardware Emulation
	10.3
Application Virtualization
	10.4
Full Virtualization
	10.5
Paravirtualization
	10.6
Hardware Virtualization
	10.7
Operating System-level Virtualization
Glossary
Bibliography
Index