OpenGL ES 3.0 Programming Guide, 2nd Edition

Contents
List of Figures
List of Examples
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
	Intended Audience
	Organization of This Book
	Example Code and Shaders
	Errata
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
1. Introduction to OpenGL ES 3.0
	OpenGL ES 3.0
		Vertex Shader
		Primitive Assembly
		Rasterization
		Fragment Shader
		Per-Fragment Operations
	What’s New in OpenGL ES 3.0
		Texturing
		Shaders
		Geometry
		Buffer Objects
		Framebuffer
	OpenGL ES 3.0 and Backward Compatibility
	EGL
		Programming with OpenGL ES 3.0
		Libraries and Include Files
	EGL Command Syntax
	OpenGL ES Command Syntax
	Error Handling
	Basic State Management
	Further Reading
2. Hello Triangle: An OpenGL ES 3.0 Example
	Code Framework
	Where to Download the Examples
	Hello Triangle Example
	Using the OpenGL ES 3.0 Framework
	Creating a Simple Vertex and Fragment Shader
	Compiling and Loading the Shaders
	Creating a Program Object and Linking the Shaders
	Setting the Viewport and Clearing the Color Buffer
	Loading the Geometry and Drawing a Primitive
	Displaying the Back Buffer
	Summary
3. An Introduction to EGL
	Communicating with the Windowing System
	Checking for Errors
	Initializing EGL
	Determining the Available Surface Configurations
	Querying EGLConfig Attributes
	Letting EGL Choose the Configuration
	Creating an On-Screen Rendering Area: The EGL Window
	Creating an Off-Screen Rendering Area: EGL Pbuffers
	Creating a Rendering Context
	Making an EGLContext Current
	Putting All Our EGL Knowledge Together
	Synchronizing Rendering
	Summary
4. Shaders and Programs
	Shaders and Programs
		Creating and Compiling a Shader
		Creating and Linking a Program
	Uniforms and Attributes
		Getting and Setting Uniforms
		Uniform Buffer Objects
		Getting and Setting Attributes
	Shader Compiler
	Program Binaries
	Summary
5. OpenGL ES Shading Language
	OpenGL ES Shading Language Basics
	Shader Version Specification
	Variables and Variable Types
	Variable Constructors
	Vector and Matrix Components
	Constants
	Structures
	Arrays
	Operators
	Functions
	Built-In Functions
	Control Flow Statements
	Uniforms
	Uniform Blocks
	Vertex and Fragment Shader Inputs/Outputs
	Interpolation Qualifiers
	Preprocessor and Directives
	Uniform and Interpolator Packing
	Precision Qualifiers
	Invariance
	Summary
6. Vertex Attributes, Vertex Arrays, and Buffer Objects
	Specifying Vertex Attribute Data
		Constant Vertex Attribute
		Vertex Arrays
	Declaring Vertex Attribute Variables in a Vertex Shader
		Binding Vertex Attributes to Attribute Variables in a Vertex Shader
	Vertex Buffer Objects
	Vertex Array Objects
	Mapping Buffer Objects
		Flushing a Mapped Buffer
	Copying Buffer Objects
	Summary
7. Primitive Assembly and Rasterization
	Primitives
		Triangles
		Lines
		Point Sprites
	Drawing Primitives
		Primitive Restart
		Provoking Vertex
		Geometry Instancing
		Performance Tips
	Primitive Assembly
		Coordinate Systems
		Perspective Division
		Viewport Transformation
	Rasterization
		Culling
		Polygon Offset
	Occlusion Queries
	Summary
8. Vertex Shaders
	Vertex Shader Overview
		Vertex Shader Built-In Variables
		Precision Qualifiers
		Number of Uniforms Limitations in a Vertex Shader
	Vertex Shader Examples
		Matrix Transformations
		Lighting in a Vertex Shader
	Generating Texture Coordinates
	Vertex Skinning
	Transform Feedback
	Vertex Textures
	OpenGL ES 1.1 Vertex Pipeline as an ES 3.0 Vertex Shader
	Summary
9. Texturing
	Texturing Basics
		2D Textures
		Cubemap Textures
		3D Textures
		2D Texture Arrays
		Texture Objects and Loading Textures
		Texture Filtering and Mipmapping
		Automatic Mipmap Generation
		Texture Coordinate Wrapping
		Texture Swizzles
		Texture Level of Detail
		Depth Texture Compare (Percentage Closest Filtering)
		Texture Formats
		Using Textures in a Shader
		Example of Using a Cubemap Texture
		Loading 3D Textures and 2D Texture Arrays
	Compressed Textures
		Texture Subimage Specification
		Copying Texture Data from the Color Buffer
		Sampler Objects
		Immutable Textures
		Pixel Unpack Buffer Objects
		Summary
10. Fragment Shaders
	Fixed-Function Fragment Shaders
	Fragment Shader Overview
		Built-In Special Variables
		Built-In Constants
		Precision Qualifiers
	Implementing Fixed-Function Techniques Using Shaders
		Multitexturing
		Fog
		Alpha Test (Using Discard)
		User Clip Planes
	Summary
11. Fragment Operations
	Buffers
		Requesting Additional Buffers
		Clearing Buffers
		Using Masks to Control Writing to Framebuffers
	Fragment Tests and Operations
		Using the Scissor Test
		Stencil Buffer Testing
	Blending
	Dithering
	Multisampled Anti-Aliasing
		Centroid Sampling
	Reading and Writing Pixels to the Framebuffer
		Pixel Pack Buffer Objects
	Multiple Render Targets
	Summary
12. Framebuffer Objects
	Why Framebuffer Objects?
	Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects
		Choosing a Renderbuffer Versus a Texture as a Framebuffer Attachment
		Framebuffer Objects Versus EGL Surfaces
	Creating Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects
	Using Renderbuffer Objects
		Multisample Renderbuffers
		Renderbuffer Formats
	Using Framebuffer Objects
		Attaching a Renderbuffer as a Framebuffer Attachment
		Attaching a 2D Texture as a Framebuffer Attachment
		Attaching an Image of a 3D Texture as a Framebuffer Attachment
		Checking for Framebuffer Completeness
	Framebuffer Blits
	Framebuffer Invalidation
	Deleting Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects
		Deleting Renderbuffer Objects That Are Used as Framebuffer Attachments
		Reading Pixels and Framebuffer Objects
	Examples
	Performance Tips and Tricks
	Summary
13. Sync Objects and Fences
	Flush and Finish
	Why Use a Sync Object?
	Creating and Deleting a Sync Object
	Waiting for and Signaling a Sync Object
	Example
	Summary
14. Advanced Programming with OpenGL ES 3.0
	Per-Fragment Lighting
		Lighting with a Normal Map
		Lighting Shaders
		Lighting Equations
	Environment Mapping
		Particle System with Point Sprites
		Particle System Setup
		Particle System Vertex Shader
		Particle System Fragment Shader
	Particle System Using Transform Feedback
		Particle System Rendering Algorithm
		Particle Emission with Transform Feedback
		Rendering the Particles
	Image Postprocessing
		Render-to-Texture Setup
		Blur Fragment Shader
	Projective Texturing
		Projective Texturing Basics
		Matrices for Projective Texturing
		Projective Spotlight Shaders
	Noise Using a 3D Texture
		Generating Noise
		Using Noise
	Procedural Texturing
		A Procedural Texture Example
		Anti-Aliasing of Procedural Textures
		Further Reading on Procedural Textures
	Rendering Terrain with Vertex Texture Fetch
		Generating a Square Terrain Grid
		Computing Vertex Normal and Fetching Height Value in Vertex Shader
		Further Reading on Large Terrain Rendering
	Shadows Using a Depth Texture
		Rendering from the Light Position Into a Depth Texture
		Rendering from the Eye Position with the Depth Texture
	Summary
15. State Queries
	OpenGL ES 3.0 Implementation String Queries
	Querying Implementation-Dependent Limits
	Querying OpenGL ES State
	Hints
	Entity Name Queries
	Nonprogrammable Operations Control and Queries
	Shader and Program State Queries
	Vertex Attribute Queries
	Texture State Queries
	Sampler Queries
	Asynchronous Object Queries
	Sync Object Queries
	Vertex Buffer Queries
	Renderbuffer and Framebuffer State Queries
	Summary
16. OpenGL ES Platforms
	Building for Microsoft Windows with Visual Studio
	Building for Ubuntu Linux
	Building for Android 4.3+ NDK (C++)
		Prerequisites
		Building the Example Code with Android NDK
	Building for Android 4.3+ SDK (Java)
	Building for iOS 7
		Prerequisites
		Building the Example Code with Xcode 5
	Summary
A. GL_HALF_FLOAT
	16-Bit Floating-Point Number
	Converting a Float to a Half-Float
B. Built-In Functions
	Angle and Trigonometry Functions
	Exponential Functions
	Common Functions
	Floating-Point Pack and Unpack Functions
	Geometric Functions
	Matrix Functions
	Vector Relational Functions
	Texture Lookup Functions
	Fragment Processing Functions
C. ES Framework API
	Framework Core Functions
	Transformation Functions
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	Z