Open and Industrialised Building (Cib Publication)

Book Cover......Page 1
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 7
Part 1 State of the art and trends in open industrialisation......Page 10
1 Background......Page 11
2.1 GENERAL DEFINITIONS......Page 13
2.2.1  System......Page 14
2.2.2  Building system, Open building system, Closed building system......Page 15
2.2.3  Hierarchical and modular building system......Page 17
2.2.4  Industrialised system building......Page 18
2.2.6  Subsystems, modules, components, materials......Page 19
2.2.8  Infrastructure and processes of open industrialisation......Page 20
2.2.9  Open design......Page 21
3.1 GENERAL STATUS AND TRENDS OF INDUSTRIALISATION......Page 22
3.2.1  European Union, Central and Western Europe......Page 24
Denmark......Page 25
Finland......Page 26
The French systems......Page 30
Germany......Page 31
The Netherlands......Page 33
Sweden......Page 34
United Kingdom......Page 36
Czech and Slovakian Republics......Page 37
Croatia, Slovenia and Yugoslavia......Page 38
Poland......Page 39
Romania [18]......Page 40
Israel......Page 41
Russia......Page 43
Japan......Page 44
China [27] (Goupan)......Page 47
Bangladesh [27] (Roy)......Page 49
Sri Lanka [27] (Ediriweera)......Page 50
Thailand [27] (Chaimungkalanon)......Page 52
PROBLEMS RELATED TO SEMI-INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEMS IN THAILAND:......Page 54
Indonesia [27] (Partadinata)......Page 55
1.  Large panel systems......Page 56
2.  Metal form system......Page 57
4.  Partially precast system......Page 58
Pakistan [27] (Maher)......Page 59
Philippines [27] (Commandante), (Aureus-Eugenio)......Page 60
Nepal [1]......Page 61
(c) In use and operation......Page 62
(e) Recycling & reuse......Page 63
(c) In production organisation and technology......Page 64
Taiwan......Page 66
Canada [34]......Page 70
Building performance standards......Page 71
Open building systems......Page 72
USA......Page 74
Some examples of industrialised building systems......Page 77
Nigeria......Page 79
Kuwait......Page 81
Saudi—Arabia......Page 82
4.1 STAGES OF INDUSTRIALISATION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS......Page 83
4.2 INDICATORS FOR ADVANCED INDUSTRIALISATION......Page 85
4.3 GENERAL TRENDS IN THE BUILDING MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY......Page 86
4.4 POSSIBLE MODELS OF FUTURE OPEN INDUSTRIALISATION......Page 87
5 Further reading......Page 90
Part 2 Selected personal visions......Page 95
1.1 A RETROSPECTIVE INTRODUCTION......Page 96
1.2 CHANGED PRECONDITIONS AND NEW CHALLENGES......Page 97
1.3 INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING—FOR WHOM, BY WHOM AND HOW?......Page 99
1.4 CIB W24: OPEN INDUSTRIALISATION IN BUILDING......Page 100
1.5 ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS IN BUILDING......Page 101
1.6 IN SEARCH OF NEW FORMS OF PROCUREMENT......Page 104
1.7 THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECT......Page 105
1.8 RESTRUCTURING IS NOT ENOUGH......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 108
2 Measuring productivity and quality on the building site in Denmark......Page 109
Three important assumptions for the productivity development in Denmark......Page 111
Chosen efforts in the support of the development of quality and productivity......Page 113
2.2 MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY DEVELOPMENT......Page 114
The second item of the model is the basic elements in the building process......Page 115
The third item of the model is the controlling elements of a building process......Page 116
The fourth item of the model is productivity parameters of the control......Page 117
2.3 PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH THE CARRYING OUT OF THE ANALYSIS......Page 118
Division of the project into building parts and contract parts......Page 119
Product- and process key figures for benchmarking......Page 122
Minimizing deviations in analysis and development......Page 124
2.4 APPLICATION OF THE METHOD FOR DOCUMENTATION OF A SINGLE PROJECT......Page 126
Relative deviations in the planned workman hours......Page 127
Potential cost reductions concerning wages compared to building products......Page 128
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 131
3.2 STEPS TOWARDS A REDUCTION OF REAL COSTS......Page 132
3.5 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT......Page 133
3.7 FAILURE IN THE VALUE CHAIN......Page 134
3.9 TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS TO ACHIEVE VALUE......Page 136
3.10 COMPONENT BASED TECHNOLOGY......Page 137
Standardisation......Page 138
Pick the best people......Page 139
3.12 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 141
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 142
4.2 WEAKNESSES OF THE TRADITIONAL PRACTISE......Page 144
4.3 DERIVATION OF THE CHANGES......Page 145
Change from the client’s viewpoint......Page 146
Change from the competition viewpoint......Page 147
Change from the production viewpoint......Page 148
4.5 DISCUSSION......Page 149
REFERENCES......Page 150
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 151
5.2 GOALS AND THE TRANSITION TOWARDS THEM......Page 152
5.3.1.1  Design process......Page 154
5.3.1.2  Methods of integrated life cycle design......Page 156
5.3.1.3  Factors of sustainability......Page 158
5.3.1.5  Recycling aspects in design......Page 159
5.3.2.1  Principles and organisational aspects......Page 160
5.3.2.2  Modular industrialisation......Page 161
5.3.3  Integrated information......Page 164
5.3.4.1  Productivity through prefabrication......Page 167
5.3.4.3  Productivity through networking......Page 169
5.3.4.4  Productivity and quality through materials and structural engineering......Page 171
REFERENCES......Page 172
6.1 DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING INDUSTRY IN JAPAN: 1960– 1990:......Page 174
6.2 RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING INDUSTRY IN JAPAN: AFTER 1970:......Page 177
6.3 EFFORTS MADE TO DEVELOP OPEN BUILDING IN JAPAN:......Page 178
6.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN BUILDING IN JAPAN:......Page 180
6.5 CONCLUSION:......Page 183
REFERENCE:......Page 184
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 185
7.2.1  Background......Page 186
7.2.2  Closed building systems......Page 187
7.2.4  Open building systems......Page 188
7.2.5  Open system building or open industrialisation......Page 190
7.3.1.1  Modular co-ordination only based on 1M?......Page 192
7.3.1.2  Modular co-ordination based on multi-modules and/or nonmodular thickness......Page 194
7.3.1.3  The problem of “joints” and “building nodes”......Page 195
7.3.3  Dimentional co-ordination in the seventies and the eighties......Page 196
7.3.4  Conclusion......Page 197
7.4.1  Introduction......Page 198
7.4.3  A flexible production tool for large concrete elements......Page 199
7.4.4  The introduction of CAD/CAM......Page 201
7.5.1  Open and closed systems in general......Page 202
7.5.2.2  Set of Components as a System......Page 203
7.5.3  Buildings as a system of “spaces” or a system of “material objects”......Page 204
7.6 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION......Page 206
7.6.2  Basic transfer of electronic drawings......Page 207
7.6.5  Definition of modelling entities......Page 208
7.6.6  A conceptual model for buildings......Page 209
7.6.7  Conclusion......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 211
Keyword Index......Page 214