One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites: Synthesis to Emerging Applications

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Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Editors
Chapter 1 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites: An Introduction
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Nanoscale Filler Classifications
		1.2.1 One-Dimensional Nanofillers
		1.2.2 Two-Dimensional Nanofillers
		1.2.3 Three-Dimensional Nanofillers
	1.3 The Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites
	1.4 Polymer Nanocomposite Design
		1.4.1 Designing with Rationality in Mind
		1.4.2 Functionality-Based Designs
		1.4.3 Custom-Made Property-Based Designs
		1.4.4 Design Parameters
			1.4.4.1 Aspect Ratio
			1.4.4.2 Interface
			1.4.4.3 Orientation
	1.5 Applications
	1.6 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites
		1.6.1 Ultrasonication-Assisted Solution Mixing
		1.6.2 Shear Mixing
		1.6.3 Three-Roll Milling
		1.6.4 Ball Milling
		1.6.5 Double-Screw Extrusion
		1.6.6 In-Situ Synthesis
	1.7 Conclusion and Prospects
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 2 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites: Current State-of-the-Art
	2.1 Introduction
		2.1.1 Carbon Nanotube-Strengthened Polymer Composites
			2.1.1.1 Thermoset Polymer Composites
	2.2 Synthesis of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
		2.2.1 Synthesis Via Electrospinning Technique
		2.2.2 Solution-Casting Method
		2.2.3 Hot-Stretching Process
		2.2.4 Melt Compounding
		2.2.5 Method of In-Situ Polymerization
		2.2.6 In-Situ Polymer Composite Synthesis
		2.2.7 Template-Based Method
		2.2.8 Sonication
		2.2.9 Radical Polymerization
		2.2.10 Melt Intercalation Method
	2.3 Properties of One-Dimensional-Polymeric Nanocomposites
		2.3.1 Crystallization Properties
		2.3.2 Dielectric/Electrical/Piezoresistive Properties
		2.3.3 Mechanical Properties
		2.3.4 Antibacterial Properties
		2.3.5 Thermal Stability
		2.3.6 Fire Retardance/Flammability
		2.3.7 Biocompatibility
		2.3.8 Resistance-Switching Capability/Mechanoresponsiveness
		2.3.9 Optical Properties
	2.4 Application of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
		2.4.1 Nanofiller Release
		2.4.2 Energy Storage Capacitor
		2.4.3 Electro-Optic (EO) Modulator
		2.4.4 Lithium-Ion Solid-State Batteries
		2.4.5 Biomedical/Bone Tissue Engineering
		2.4.6 Strain-Sensing Behaviors
		2.4.7 CO2 Solubility and Diffusivity
		2.4.8 Thermoelectric Composites
		2.4.9 Flexible Piezoresistive Tactile Sensors and Actuators
		2.4.10 Tensioning Cables
		2.4.11 Shielding against Electromagnetic Interference
		2.4.12 Thermal Barriers
	2.5 Summary and Perspectives
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 3 Methods for Preparation of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Preparation of 1D Polymeric Nanocomposites
		3.2.1 Melt Intercalation
		3.2.2 Solution Intercalation
		3.2.3 In-Situ Polymerization
		3.2.4 Electrospinning
		3.2.5 Non-Traditional Methods
			3.2.5.1 Using a Magnetic Field
			3.2.5.2 Supercritical CO2-Assisted Mixing
			3.2.5.3 Bucky Paper Composites
	3.3 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 4 Architectural Aspects of One-Dimensional Nanocomposites and Various Applications
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Types of Nanomaterials
	4.3 Synthesis of 1D Nanostructured Materials
		4.3.1 Vapour Phase or Gas-Phase Synthesis of 1D Nanomaterials
		4.3.2 Mechanical Grinding
		4.3.3 Sol-Gel Technique
		4.3.4 Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
		4.3.5 Gas Condensation Processing (GPC)
		4.3.6 Chemical Vapor Condensation (CVC)
		4.3.7 Sputtered Plasma Processing
		4.3.8 Microwave Plasma Processing
		4.3.9 Particle-Precipitation-Assisted CVD
		4.3.10 Laser Ablation
		4.3.11 Electrospinning Method of Synthesis
			4.3.11.1 Direct-Dispersed Electrospinning
			4.3.11.2 Gas-Solid Reaction
			4.3.11.3 In-Situ Photochemical Reduction Technique
			4.3.11.4 Electrospinning Sol-Gel Technique
			4.3.11.5 Emulsion Electrospinning Method
			4.3.11.6 Co-Evaporation Method
			4.3.11.7 Coaxial Electrospinning Technique
	4.4 Architectural Aspects and Their Effects on the Properties of 1D Polymeric Materials
		4.4.1 Titanate (TNTs) and Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs)
		4.4.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
		4.4.3 Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA)
		4.4.4 Chitosan (CS)
		4.4.5 Aromatic Polymers
	4.5 Applications of 1D Nanomaterials
		4.5.1 Applications in Optical and Electronic Nanodevices
		4.5.2 Applications in Sensing
		4.5.3 Applications in Catalysis
		4.5.4 Applications in the Environmental Field
		4.5.5 Energy Applications
		4.5.6 Biomedical Applications
			4.5.6.1 Applications in Drug Delivery
			4.5.6.2 Applications in Tissue Engineering
			4.5.6.3 Wound Dressing Applications
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Understanding Interfacial Influence on the Properties of One-Dimensional Nanocomposites
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Theory of Interfacial Interaction
		5.2.1 Non-Covalent Interaction
		5.2.2 Covalent Interaction
		5.2.3 Characterization of Interfacial Interaction
	5.3 Effects of Surface Functionalization of 1D Nanofiller
	5.4 Effects of the Intrinsic Property of 1D Nanofiller
	5.5 Effects of the Microstructure of 1D Nanofiller
	5.6 Synergistic Effect of 1D Filler and Other Fillers
	5.7 Summary
	References
Chapter 6 Liquid Crystals in One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanonetworks: Physics and Applications
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Electro-Optical Properties
	6.3 Application of 1D Polymer Networks
		6.3.1 Smart Windows
		6.3.2 Enhancement of Photoluminescence and Its Anisotropy by Polymer Networks
		6.3.3 Orientation Order-Coupled Rubber Elasticity: LCE Actuators
	6.4 Outlook
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 7 Toxicity and Risk Assessments of One-Dimensional Nanocomposites
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Dispersion and Fate of Nanocomposites during Transport
	7.3 Suitability of Parameters When Studying Toxicity
	7.4 Modern Models and Paradigms of Toxicity
		7.4.1 The Size-Shape Roles of Biological Membranes
		7.4.2 Evidence of Numerous Toxicity Mechanisms
	7.5 Toxicity of 1D Nanocomposites and Their Components
		7.5.1 Ceramic and Metal Matrix Nanocomposites
			7.5.1.1 Toxicity Impacts of Metallic Nanoparticles from Nanocomposites
			7.5.1.2 Toxicity Impacts of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles from Nanocomposites
			7.5.1.3 Toxicity Impacts of Carbon Nanotubes from Nanocomposites
		7.5.2 Stimulus-Responsive Nanocomposites
			7.5.2.1 Toxicity Impacts of Carbon Quantum Dots from Nanocomposites
	7.6 Revisiting Theoretical Tools for Risk Assessments for Renewed Perspectives
		7.6.1 Recognizing Risks
		7.6.2 Tools for Risk Assessments
		7.6.3 Assessment of Exposure to Toxins
		7.6.4 Risk Characterization
	7.7 Concluding Remarks: Concerning Exposure Metrics for Manufactured Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 8 One-Dimensional Polymeric Materials for Advanced Energy Applications
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Synthesis and Characterization of 1D Polymeric Materials
		8.2.1 Electrospinning
		8.2.2 Interfacial Polymerization
		8.2.3 Sol-Gel Method
		8.2.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition
	8.3 1D Polymers for Energy Generation
		8.3.1 1D Polymeric Materials in Solar Cells
			8.3.1.1 1D Material in Silicon-Based Solar Cells
			8.3.1.2 1D Material in Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells (PSC)
		8.3.2 Fuel Cells
			8.3.2.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
			8.3.2.2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
	8.4 1D Polymers for Energy Storage
		8.4.1 1D Polymeric Materials in Batteries
			8.4.1.1 Metal-Ion Batteries
			8.4.1.2 Metal-Air Batteries
		8.4.2 1D Polymeric Materials in Supercapacitors
	8.5 1D Polymers for Wearable Devices
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9 High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Classifications of Supercapacitors
	9.3 1D Nanocomposites of Metal Oxides and Conducting Polymers
	9.4 1D Nanocomposites of CNTs and Conducting Polymers
	9.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 10 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Flexible Supercapacitors
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Energy Storage Systems: Basic Concepts and Comparison
	10.3 Fabrication Methods for Fibers and Supercapacitors
		10.3.1 Wet Spinning
		10.3.2 Confined Hydrothermal Process
		10.3.3 Dry Spinning or Film Scrolling
	10.4 Materials in Supercapacitors
		10.4.1 Carbon-Based Fibers
		10.4.2 Transition Metal Oxides-Carbon Composite Fibers
		10.4.3 Conducting Polymer-Based Fibers
	10.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 11 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Rechargeable Batteries
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 1D Polymer Nanocomposite for Battery Electrodes
	11.3 1D Polymer Nanocomposite for Battery Separators
	11.4 1D Polymer Nanocomposite for Battery Electrolytes
	11.5 Future Needs and Prospects
	11.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 12 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites and Other Low-Dimensional Materials for Flexible Batteries
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Critical Parameters for Flexible Batteries
		12.2.1 Geometric Parameters
		12.2.2 Mechanical Parameters
		12.2.3 Energy Density Parameters
	12.3 Flexible 1D Materials for Batteries
		12.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes in Flexible Batteries
			12.3.1.1 General Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes
			12.3.1.2 Brief Overview of Electrode Materials for Flexible Batteries
	12.4 Flexible Batteries Based on CNT-Containing Composites
	12.5 Conclusion and Outlooks
	References
Chapter 13 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Overall Water-Splitting Applications
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 One-Dimensional Polymers
		13.2.1 Electrospinning Technique
		13.2.2 Template-Aided Technique
		13.2.3 Template-Free Techniques
		13.2.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Technique
	13.3 Water Splitting
		13.3.1 Fundamentals for Neutral Water Splitting
		13.3.2 Mechanism of HER
		13.3.3 Mechanism of OER
	13.4 Nafions
	13.5 Polymer Dots
	13.6 Bifunctional Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs)
		13.6.1 1D Carbon Nanocomposite
	13.7 Nanofibers Used in Water Splitting
		13.7.1 Application of Nanofiber-Based Electro-Catalysts in HER
			13.7.1.1 Noble Metals
			13.7.1.2 The Alloys of Transition Metals
			13.7.1.3 Transition Metal Composites
			13.7.1.4 Metal-Free Carbons
		13.7.2 Nanofiber-Based Electrocatalysts for OER
			13.7.2.1 Transition Metal Alloys
			13.7.2.2 Transition Metal Oxides
			13.7.2.3 Other Transition Metal Composites
	13.8 Polymeric Carbon Nitride (PCN)
	13.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Fuel Cells
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Polymeric Nanocomposites
		14.2.1 PFSA-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites
			14.2.1.1 Nafion-CNT Nanocomposites
		14.2.2 Polyaromatic Nanocomposites
			14.2.2.1 Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (SPEEK)-CNT Nanocomposites
			14.2.2.2 Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-CNT Nanocomposites
			14.2.2.3 Sulfonated Polysulfone (SPS)-CNT Nanocomposites
			14.2.2.4 Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) (SPAES)-CNT Nanocomposites
		14.2.3 Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
			14.2.3.1 PANI-CNT Composites
			14.2.3.2 Polypyrrole (PPy)-CNT Composites
		14.2.4 Synthetic Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
			14.2.4.1 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA)-CNT Composites
			14.2.4.2 Polyester-CNT Composites
			14.2.4.3 Polypropylene (PP)-CNT Composites
		14.2.5 Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites
			14.2.5.1 Chitosan (CS)-CNT Nanocomposites
	14.3 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 15 1D Polymers for High-Performance Photovoltaics
	15.1 Contextualization
	15.2 Introduction
		15.2.1 The Morphological and Conformational Question
	15.3 Transparent and Low-Bandgap Devices
	15.4 Designed Devices for Indoor Applications
	15.5 Impedance Spectroscopy Applied to Photovoltaics
	15.6 Quantum Methods Applied to OPVs
	15.7 Final Considerations
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 16 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Devices
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Light-Harvesting Mechanism of Polymeric Solar Cells
	16.3 Effective One-Dimensional Polymers for Solar Cells
	16.4 Flexible Polymeric Solar Cells
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 17 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Flexible Solar Cells
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 One-Dimensional Nanostructured Materials for Flexible Solar Cells
		17.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
			17.2.1.1 Structure and Classification of CNTs
			17.2.1.2 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)
			17.2.1.3 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)
			17.2.1.4 CNTs in Flexible Solar Cells
			17.2.1.5 CNTs as a Hole Extraction Layer or the Transparent Conducting Electrode
			17.2.1.6 CNTs as Additives
		17.2.2 Nanowires for High Efficiency Flexible Solar Cells
			17.2.2.1 Challenges in Making NW Solar Cells
		17.2.3 Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) in Flexible Solar Cells
	17.3 Application of One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanotubes, Nanowires, Nanoribbons, and Nanorods in Solar Cells
		17.3.1 Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide
		17.3.2 Copper Oxides
		17.3.3 Effective Use of Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Nanocomposite Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
	17.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 18 Recent Development in One-Dimensional Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for High-Performance Solar Cells
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 High-Performance Solar Cells
	18.3 Photovoltaic Cells and Mechanism of Their Functioning
	18.4 Applications of Photovoltaic Cells
	18.5 Advantages of 1D Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Materials for Energy Harvesting
	18.6 Operating Principle of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
	18.7 Types of Solar Cells
		18.7.1 Crystalline Silicon Cells
		18.7.2 Thin-Film Cells
		18.7.3 Organic Solar Cells
	18.8 One-Dimensional Conducting Polymeric Nanomaterials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
	18.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 19 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Heavy Metal Detection
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Fabrication of One-Dimensional (1D) Polymeric Nanocomposites
		19.2.1 Template-Based Synthesis
		19.2.2 Template-Free Synthesis
	19.3 Properties of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
	19.4 Heavy Metal Detection
		19.4.1 Optical Detection of Heavy Metals
		19.4.2 Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals
	19.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 20 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Biosensors
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Classifications of 1D Polymeric Nanocomposites
		20.2.1 Polymer – CNTs
		20.2.2 Polymer – Metal and Metal Oxides
		20.2.3 Polymer Blend
		20.2.4 Polymer – Nanoclay
		20.2.5 Polymer – Multicomponents
	20.3 Strategies to Form 1D Polymeric Nanocomposites
		20.3.1 In-Situ Polymerization of Polymer on 1D Nanofiller
		20.3.2 In-Situ Sol-Gel Processing of Polymer on 1D Nanofiller
		20.3.3 Covalent Grafting of Polymer on 1D Nanomaterial
		20.3.4 Self-Assembly of 1D Polymer with Nanofiller
		20.3.5 Electrospinning Techniques
		20.3.6 Other Thin-Layer Deposition Techniques
	20.4 Biological Functionalization Techniques
		20.4.1 Covalent Functionalization
		20.4.2 Noncovalent Functionalization
		20.4.3 Physical Entrapment
	20.5 Applications of 1D Polymeric Nanocomposites in Biosensors
		20.5.1 Enzymatic Biosensors
		20.5.2 Immunosensors
		20.5.3 Aptasensors
		20.5.4 DNA Biosensors
		20.5.5 MIP-Based Biosensors
	20.6 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Chapter 21 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Sensors
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Fundamentals of the Electrochemical Sensors
		21.2.1 Working Principle of Electrochemical Sensors
		21.2.2 Characterization Methods of Electrochemical Sensors
			21.2.2.1 Potentiometry
			21.2.2.2 Amperometry
			21.2.2.3 Conductometry
			21.2.2.4 Voltammetry
	21.3 Electrochemical Sensors Based on One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
		21.3.1 Sensing Applications
	21.4 Fabrication of Multi-Functionalized One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for the Application of Electrochemical Sensors
		21.4.1 Transducer Incorporation to Sensing Systems
		21.4.2 Techniques to Enhance Adhesion of Transducers on Substrates
	21.5 Role of High Aspect Ratio in Improving the Sensing Ability of 1D Nanostructures
	21.6 Comparison of the Properties of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites to the Bulk Polymers
	21.7 Preparations of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
		21.7.1 Use of Nanomaterials and Biomaterials
		21.7.2 Use of Metal-Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
		21.7.3 Use of Carbon Nanomaterials
		21.7.4 Use of Biological Materials
	21.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 22 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Biomedical Implants
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Types of Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
		22.2.1 Ceramic Nanocomposites
		22.2.2 Metallic Nanocomposites
		22.2.3 Polymeric Nanocomposites
	22.3 Methods of Synthesis of Polymeric Nanocomposites
		22.3.1 Generalized Methods Employed for the Preparation of Polymeric Nanocomposites
			22.3.1.1 Ultrasonic-Assisted Solution Blending
			22.3.1.2 Melt Processing Technique
			22.3.1.3 Ball Milling
			22.3.1.4 In-Situ Polymerization
			22.3.1.5 Electrospinning
			22.3.1.6 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
	22.4 Biocompatibility Study of Polymeric Nanocomposites
		22.4.1 Hemolysis Assay
		22.4.2 In-Vitro Cytocompatibility
			22.4.2.1 PrestoBlue Assay
			22.4.2.2 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay
			22.4.2.3 Calcein-AM (LIVE) Assay
			22.4.2.4 MTT Colorimetric Assay
	22.5 Applications of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
		22.5.1 As an Antibacterial
		22.5.2 In Bone Tissue Regeneration
		22.5.3 In Wound Healing
		22.5.4 Controlling Stem Cell Behavior
		22.5.5 Cartilage Tissue Engineering
		22.5.6 Nerve Tissue Engineering
		22.5.7 Cardiac Tissue Engineering
		22.5.8 Skeletal Tissue Engineering
	22.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 23 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites-Based Microcontainers for Biomedical Applications
	23.1 1D Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Micro-/Nanocontainers
	23.2 Fabrication of 1D Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Microcontainers
	23.3 Biomedical Applications of 1D Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Micro/Nanocontainers: Drug Delivery Systems
	23.4 1D Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Micro/Nanocontainer-Based Biosensors: Principle, Components, and Their Applications
	23.5 Future Trends
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 24 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering
	24.1 Introduction
		24.1.1 Basic Concept of Tissue Engineering
	24.2 Applications of 1D Polymer Nanocomposites
		24.2.1 Scaffolds with 1D Nanofillers in Polymer Nanocomposites
			24.2.1.1 Bone TE
			24.2.1.2 Neuronal TE
			24.2.1.3 Cardiac TE
		24.2.2 Non-Carbon Nanotubes
		24.2.3 Natural Fibers
		24.2.4 Conducting 1D Polymers
	24.3 Composites with Nanoparticles to Make 1D Polymer Composites
	24.4 1D Polymeric Nanocomposites for Organ-on-a-Chip
		24.4.1 Lung-on-a-Chip
		24.4.2 Liver-on-a-Chip
		24.4.3 Gut-on-a-Chip
		24.4.4 Skin-on-a-Chip
		24.4.5 Brain-on-a-Chip
	24.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 25 Recent Developments in One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Wound Healing and Infection Control
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Current Treatments for Wound Infections
	25.3 1D-PNs in Wound Healing and Associated Chronic Infections
		25.3.1 1D-PN as a Promising Antimicrobial Agent
			25.3.1.1 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.1.2 Metal/Metal Oxide/Metal Hydroxide-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.1.3 Chalcogenides-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.1.4 Metal Phthalocyanine- and Porphyrin-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.1.5 Antimicrobial Drug/Antibiotic-Loaded 1D-PNs
		25.3.2 1D-PN as an Active Therapy for Wound Healing
			25.3.2.1 CNT-Loaded 1D-PN Wound Healing
			25.3.2.2 Metal/Metal Oxide/Metal Hydroxide-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.2.3 Chalcogenides-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.2.4 Multi Polymer-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.2.5 Wound-Healing Drug-Loaded 1D-PNs
			25.3.2.6 Cell Growth Factor-Loaded 1D-PNs
	25.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 26 Antimicrobial Activities of One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Polymeric Nanofiber Composites Based on Polysaccharides
	26.3 Polymeric Nanofibercomposites Based on Synthetic Polymers
	26.4 Polymeric Nanocomposites Based on Polyurethane
	26.5 Polymeric Nanofiber Composites Based on Polyvinyls
	26.6 Polymeric Nanocomposites Based on Polyacrylates
	26.7 Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers
	26.8 Polymeric Core-Shell Nanofibers
	26.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 27 One-Dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Soft Electronics
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 Why 1D Nanomaterials for Soft Electronics?
	27.3 Elastic Polymer as a BM for Soft Electronics
		27.3.1 Thermosetting Polymers
		27.3.2 Thermoplastic Polymers
		27.3.3 Hydrogels
	27.4 Representative 1D Nanomaterials
		27.4.1 CNTs
		27.4.2 Metal Nanowires
			27.4.2.1 AgNWs
			27.4.2.2 CuNWs
			27.4.2.3 AuNWs
			27.4.2.4 Metal Nanotroughs and Metal Nanofibers
		27.4.3 Polymeric Conductive Nanomaterials
		27.4.4 Hybrid Structures
	27.5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Index