On Intelligence. .. More or Less: A Biological Treatise on Intellectual Development, Expanded Edition

Contents......Page 8
Preface, 1996......Page 14
Preface to the Original Edition......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 22
PART ONE SOCIAL CONTEXT AND INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 26
CHAPTER 1 Why a Treatise on Intelligence?......Page 28
Five Easy Facts......Page 29
Old Wine in New Bottles?......Page 34
Traditional Psychological Theories of Intelligence......Page 38
About the Rest of This Book......Page 40
CHAPTER 2 Toward an Inductive Theory of Intellectual Complexity......Page 44
Toward a Developmental Framework......Page 45
Terminological Considerations......Page 46
Elaborated Knowledge Structures versus Cognitive Processes......Page 47
Knowledge versus Intelligence......Page 51
Cultural Anthropology......Page 54
Grocery Shopping......Page 56
Dairy Workers......Page 58
!Kung San Hunters......Page 59
Cupcake Baking......Page 61
Capturing Butterflies......Page 63
City Manager......Page 65
A Day at the Races......Page 66
CHAPTER 4 A Social-Organizational Analysis of Intellectual Development......Page 70
Social Class and IQ......Page 71
Motivational Values Inculcated Through Parenting......Page 74
SAT Scores and Academic Achievement......Page 76
Income and SATs: One Interpretation......Page 77
Income and SATs: An Alternate Interpretation......Page 79
The Terman Study of Genius......Page 80
The Validity of IQ......Page 82
Convergence from Recent Life Course Analyses......Page 88
Thirtysomething: To Be Born Rich or Smart......Page 90
CHAPTER 5 The Impact of Schooling on Intelligence......Page 94
Correlation Between IQ and Years in School......Page 95
Influence of Summer Vacation on IQ......Page 98
Continuous Impact of Schooling on IQ......Page 99
School Achievement versus Aptitude......Page 101
Influence of Northern Schooling on Black IQ......Page 102
Influence of Intergenerational Changes in Schooling......Page 103
Quality of Schooling......Page 108
Perceptual Abilities......Page 109
Concept Formation......Page 110
Memory......Page 111
Other Cognitive Skills......Page 112
Taking Stock......Page 113
PART TWO THE BIOECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK......Page 116
Contextualism and Intelligence......Page 118
Cognitive Molecules Out of Context......Page 119
Culture's Role......Page 120
A Bioecological Theoretical Framework......Page 124
Multiple Cognitive Potentials......Page 125
Pitting g Against a Multiple Potential Perspective......Page 131
Central Processing Capacity......Page 133
The Problem with Factors......Page 136
Motives as Crystallizing Agents......Page 140
Environmental Challenges......Page 141
Some Illustrative Anecdotes......Page 142
Knowledge and Process in Symbiosis......Page 144
CHAPTER 7 A Model of Cognitive Complexity......Page 148
Genetics......Page 154
Methods of Estimating h2......Page 158
The Stability, Nature, and Meaning of h2......Page 161
The Assumption of Additivity......Page 164
Differences Between Correlations and Means......Page 166
Confounding Genetic and Ecological Sources of Shared Variance......Page 171
CHAPTER 8 The Fallacy: Biology =IQ =Intelligence =Singularity of Mind =Real-World Success......Page 179
The Role of Task Complexity......Page 181
g and Job Success......Page 182
Positive Manifold......Page 183
Same-Different Judgments......Page 185
The Role of Practice......Page 190
Age of Aquisition and Memory......Page 195
The Relationship Between Intelligence and Abstraction......Page 201
Abstractness Defined......Page 203
The Role of Knowledge in Abstraction......Page 205
Race and Abstraction: The Jensen Study......Page 206
The Effect of Training on Transfer......Page 209
Transfer and Cross-Task Correlations......Page 210
The Problem of Problem Isomorphs......Page 213
CHAPTER 10 Taking Stock of the Options......Page 218
Contextualist Theories......Page 220
Information Processing Theory......Page 222
Structural Theories: Piaget's Theory and Case's Theory......Page 223
Case's Theory of Intellectual Development......Page 225
Knowledge-based Theories of Intellectual Development......Page 228
Theories of Multiple Intelligences......Page 231
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory......Page 235
Modularity Theories......Page 239
Caveat Lector......Page 242
Epilogue......Page 246
Endnotes......Page 278
References......Page 288
Subject Index......Page 310