Centrarchid Fishes: Diversity, Biology and Conservation

Centrarchid Fishes......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
List of Contributors......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
About the Editors......Page 19
1.2 Species diversity......Page 21
1.3 Centrarchid fossils......Page 25
1.4 Phylogeny......Page 32
1.5 Phylogeography......Page 46
1.6 Conclusions and future directions......Page 50
References......Page 51
2.2 Incidence of hybridization in centrarchids......Page 59
2.3 What centrarchid hybrids tell us about speciation......Page 61
2.4 Applied value of hybrids......Page 78
2.5 Hybrids as a conservation threat......Page 80
2.6 Future directions......Page 81
References......Page 82
3.1 Introduction......Page 90
3.2 Ecomorphology of feeding......Page 91
3.3 Ecomorphology of locomotion......Page 101
References......Page 105
4.1 Introduction......Page 110
4.2 Alternative reproductive tactics in the Centrarchidae......Page 112
4.3 Genetic mechanisms for alternative reproductive tactics......Page 114
4.4 Proximate mechanisms for alternative reproductive tactics......Page 117
4.5 Ecological and evolutionary constraints on the evolution of alternative reproductive tactics......Page 118
4.6 Alternative reproductive tactics in other fishes......Page 119
References......Page 120
5.3 Variation in early life history across the centrarchids......Page 125
5.4 Meta-analysis of life history data for several centrarchids......Page 128
5.5 Recruitment in the centrarchids......Page 133
5.7 Search for critical periods......Page 141
5.8 Evidence for broad groupings within the Centrarchidae......Page 142
References......Page 143
6.2 Population ecology of Lepomis......Page 154
6.3 Micropterus......Page 160
6.4 Other centrarchids......Page 164
6.5 Community ecology......Page 168
6.7 Current and future directions......Page 174
References......Page 175
7.1 Introduction......Page 185
7.2 Centrarchid bioenergetics models......Page 186
7.3 Food consumption and feeding energetics......Page 191
7.4 Metabolic rate......Page 196
7.6 Growth energetics......Page 204
7.7 Reproductive energetics......Page 211
7.8 Synthesis......Page 215
7.9 Research needs......Page 216
References......Page 217
8.1 Introduction......Page 227
8.3 Physiological challenges/tolerances......Page 228
8.4 Physiological response to stress in centrarchids......Page 242
8.5 Cardiovascular physiology......Page 248
8.6 Thermal biology......Page 262
8.7 Conclusions......Page 270
References......Page 271
9.3 Current research......Page 284
9.4 Temperature......Page 285
9.5 Dissolved oxygen and winterkill......Page 287
9.6 Physical and physiological changes......Page 288
9.7 Swimming abilities......Page 289
9.8 Species ranges and life history traits......Page 290
9.9 General activity level......Page 291
9.10 Winter movements......Page 293
9.11 Feeding......Page 294
9.12 Growth......Page 296
9.13 Aggregations......Page 297
9.14 Winter habitat......Page 298
9.16 Overwinter survival......Page 299
9.17 Conclusions and future directions......Page 302
References......Page 304
10.2 Historical review......Page 313
10.3 Culture facilities......Page 314
10.4 Lepomis culture (bluegills and their hybrids)......Page 315
10.5 Pomoxis spp. culture......Page 320
10.6 Micropterus spp. culture......Page 322
10.7 Future for centrarchids as aquaculture species......Page 325
References......Page 327
11.2 Historical fisheries......Page 332
11.3 Recreational fisheries for black bass Micropterus spp.......Page 337
11.4 Recreational fisheries for crappie Pomoxis spp.......Page 339
11.5 Recreational fisheries for sunfish Lepomis spp.......Page 340
11.6 Fisheries for Ambloplites spp.......Page 342
11.8 Regulations......Page 343
11.9 Future considerations in centrarchid management......Page 346
References......Page 350
12.2 Threats to centrarchid fishes and strategies for minimizing threats......Page 364
12.3 Introduction of exotics......Page 371
12.4 Environmental alteration and degradation......Page 373
12.6 Parasites and diseases......Page 379
12.7 Exotic centrarchids as threats to conservation......Page 380
12.8 Global conservation status of centrarchids......Page 382
References......Page 383
13.1 Introduction......Page 399
13.3 Acantharchus pomotis (Baird)......Page 401
13.4 Ambloplites Rafinesque......Page 403
13.5 Archoplites interruptus (Girard)......Page 413
13.6 Centrarchus macropterus (Lacépède)......Page 416
13.7 Enneacanthus Gill......Page 417
13.8 Lepomis Rafinesque......Page 424
13.9 Micropterus Lacépède......Page 458
13.10 Pomoxis Rafinesque......Page 492
13.11 Identification keys to genera and species......Page 499
References......Page 506
Index......Page 560
Color plates (between pages 334 and 335)......Page 355