OECD Territorial Reviews - Luxembourg.

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Assessment and Recommendations
	Box 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg: basic data
	Figure 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
Chapter 1. Regional Disparities and Under-utilised Assets
	Introduction
		Figure 1.1. Per capita GDP (in PPS) in 2000 (EU15 = 100)
	1.1. Main macroeconomic trends
		1.1.1. Exceptional growth
			Figure 1.2. Dependent employment by nationality and residence, 1970-2004
		1.1.2. Structural problems
	1.2. The Luxembourg economy in the Greater Region
		1.2.1. Profile of the Greater Region
			Figure 1.3. The Greater Region
		1.2.2. Disparities in the Greater Region
			Figure 1.4. Weight of the regions in the total population of the Greater Region in 2003
			Figure 1.5. Trend in the total population of the Greater Region from 1970 to 2003
			Figure 1.6. Population by age group in 2003
			Figure 1.7. Population by age group in 2020
			Figure 1.8. Participation rates in the Greater Region, the EU and the OECD
			Figure 1.9. Participation rates inside the Greater Region
			Figure 1.10. Overall unemployment rate in the Greater Region
			Figure 1.11. Unemployment rate inside the Greater Region
			Figure 1.12. Infraregional unemployment rate in the Greater Region in 2003
			Figure 1.13. Youth unemployment rates in 2003
			Figure 1.14. Trend in the number of jobless aged under 25 (annual average)
			Figure 1.15. Workers (in the workplace) by economic sector in 1996 and 2002
			Table 1.1. Sectoral specialisation in the Greater Region, 2003
			Figure 1.16. GDP per employee in the Greater Region
			Table 1.2. Sectoral productivity in the Greater Region, 2003
			Figure 1.17. Levels of education in the Greater Region, 2001
		1.2.3. Cross-border workers
			Figure 1.18. Cross-border workers in 2003
			Figure 1.19. Cross-border employment in the Greater Region, as a percentage of domestic employment, 2002
			Figure 1.20. Wages and salaries in the Greater Region, 2002
			Figure 1.21. Cross-border employees by country of origin
	1.3. Regional disparities in Luxembourg
		1.3.1. The Planning Regions
			Figure 1.22. Planning Regions
		1.3.2. Demographic trends in Luxembourg
			Table 1.3. Surface area, population and density of the Planning Regions in 2006
			Figure 1.23. Regional population distribution
			Figure 1.24. Regional population trends
			Figure 1.25. Relative population trends
			Figure 1.26. Regional population density
			Figure 1.27. Population ageing
		1.3.3. Employment and unemployment in the regions
			Figure 1.28. Productive specialisation 2005
			Figure 1.29. Unemployment rates
			Table 1.4. Employment and unemployment by canton in Luxembourg in 2003
			Figure 1.30. Territorial distribution of jobs in Luxembourg, 2002
			Figure 1.31. Employment density by region in Luxembourg, 2002
	1.4. Under-exploited assets and major issues
		1.4.1. Geographical situation
		1.4.2. Attractiveness in terms of employment
		1.4.3. The employment and mobility challenge
		1.4.4. The rural development challenge
		1.4.5. The governance challenge
	Notes
Chapter 2. Policies and Strategies
	2.1. The Master Programme for Territorial Planning
		2.1.1. Principles and method
		2.1.2. Typology of spaces and development poles
			Figure 2.1. Spatial typology
			Figure 2.2. The “Centres of Development and Attraction” (CDA) System
		2.1.3. “Action spaces”
	2.2. The quest for urban-rural balance
		2.2.1. Urban spaces
		2.2.2. Rural spaces
			Box 2.1. LEADER: Local Action Groups (LAGs) in Luxembourg
	2.3. Housing and land policy
		2.3.1. Land policy and the IVL strategy
		2.3.2. Current status of housing markets
			Table 2.1. Real property prices, construction costs and land prices in Europe, 1981-2001
			Figure 2.3. Quarterly real estate price indicator, 2004-2006
			Table 2.2. Proportion of owner-occupied dwellings in Europe, 2000
			Figure 2.4. Monthly housing rents by planning region (2003-2004 averages)
		2.3.3. Real estate markets and the supply of land
			Figure 2.5. Ranking of communes by residential surface area consumed between 1997 and 2004
		2.3.4. Urban planning tools
		2.3.5. Urban development funding
			Box 2.2. Examples of incentives for the sale of land and the building of infrastructure
		2.3.6. Recommendations
	2.4. Transport
		2.4.1. Growing flows
			Figure 2.6. Accessibility of Luxembourg in the Greater Region
			Figure 2.7. Domestic commuters
		2.4.2. The transportation situation
			Table 2.3. Motorisation rate in Europe, 2002 (passenger cars per 1 000 inhabitants)
			Table 2.4. Passenger car transport: average annual distance travelled, 2002 (passenger-kilometres per inhabitant)
			Figure 2.8. Passenger transport (automobile and public transport)
			Table 2.5. Modal split of passenger transport in Europe, 2002 (%, passenger-kilometres)
			Figure 2.9. Cross-border commuters (by car, to work)
			Figure 2.10. Cross-border commuters (public transport to work)
			Table 2.6. Distribution of energy consumption among sectors, 2002 (%)
		2.4.3. Planning options and the role of transportation
			Box 2.3. The example of Ile-de-France
				Figure 2.11. Modal shares by type of space in Ile-de-France
				Figure 2.12. Modal shares by range of displacement in Ile-de-France
			Figure 2.13. The Centres of Development and Attraction (CDA): public transport services
		2.4.4. Genesis and progress of planning guidelines
			Figure 2.14. Individual travel to the year 2020, IVL scenario 1 (cross-border commuters) and IVL scenario 2 (residents)
			Figure 2.15. Modal split of personal travel to the year 2020
			Figure 2.16. Extension of the Luxembourg City rail network
		2.4.5. Guidelines
			Table 2.7. Multiyear programme 2004-2008. Revenues and expenses of the road and rail funds
	2.5. The knowledge economy
		2.5.1. Education and research
			Box 2.4. The public system of non-university research and innovation
		2.5.2. Innovation
			Table 2.8. Objective 2 programme for the Grand-Duchy: distribution of funding by priority axis
			Box 2.5. Technology clusters targeted by the Luxembourg clusters programme
	Notes
Chapter 3. Multilevel Governance and Co-ordination
	3.1. Regional policy challenges
	3.2. The institutional framework
		3.2.1. Central government and territorial planning
			Table 3.1. Ministry budgets
			Table 3.2. Budget of the Ministry of the Interior and Territorial Planning
		3.2.2. Territorial structure now inappropriate
			Figure 3.1. Territorial divisions of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
			Figure 3.2. Number of communes by population
			Figure 3.3. Percentage of communes by population
		3.2.3. Local finances
			Figure 3.4. Total commune expenditure by function from 1995 to 2005
			Figure 3.5. Total commune expenditure by function from 1995 to 2005
			Figure 3.6. Trends in ICC revenues, 1980-2006
			Figure 3.7. GDP and ICC growth rates
			Figure 3.8. Inter-commune equalisation model
			Figure 3.9. Redistribution of the ICC
			Figure 3.10. Per capita ICC
			Figure 3.11. ICC rate
			Figure 3.12. Per capita ICC as a function of population
			Figure 3.13. Trends in IF revenue
			Figure 3.14. Per capita IF
			Figure 3.15. Correlation between IF as a share of local tax and population size
			Figure 3.16. Correlation between the ICC and the IF
			Figure 3.17. Trends in FCDF revenue
			Figure 3.18. FCDF per capita
			Figure 3.19. FCDF per capita as a function of population size
			Figure 3.20. Trends in local government debt
	3.3. Horizontal and vertical co-ordination
		3.3.1. The Territorial Planning Directorate (DATer)
		3.3.2. The organisation of territorial planning
			Figure 3.21. The principles of horizontal and vertical co-ordination
		3.3.3. Co-operation in the Greater Region
	3.4. The integrated concept of territorial and administrative reform
		3.4.1. Presentation of the concept
			Table 3.3. Commune typology under the Integrated Concept of Territorial and Administrative Reform in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
			Table 3.4. Scope of activities of commune associations
			Box 3.1. Inter-commune co-operation structures with own fiscal powers in France
		3.4.2. Critical analysis of the approach
		3.4.3. Structural co-operation between communes
	3.5. Involving citizens
		3.5.1. Elections
		3.5.2. Associations and tripartite co-ordination
		3.5.3. The way forward
	3.6. Long-term outlook
	Notes
Bibliography
page8.pdf
	Foreword
	Acknowledgements
	Table of Contents
	Assessment and Recommendations
		Box 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg: basic data
		Figure 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg