OECD Skills Strategy Poland

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms
Executive summary
	OECD-Poland collaboration on the OECD Skills Strategy project
	Key findings and opportunities for improving Poland’s skills performance
		Priority 1: Making the education system more responsive to labour market needs (Chapter 2)
		Priority 2: Fostering greater participation in adult learning of all forms (Chapter 3)
		Priority 3: Strengthening the use of skills in Polish workplaces (Chapter 4)
		Priority 4: Strengthening the governance of the skills system in Poland (Chapter 5)
1 Key insights and recommendations
	Skills matter for Poland
		Skills are essential for responding to global megatrends
		Skills can help drive the next phase of Poland’s development
	The OECD Skills Strategy project in Poland
	Three important themes emerged over the course of the project
	Performance of the Polish skills system
		Developing relevant skills
			Following significant improvements, the skills of youth now exceed OECD averages
			Tertiary education has expanded rapidly, but challenges remain
			Many adults do not have the skills to succeed in a digitalised and rapidly changing world
			Participation in adult education and training could be improved
			Many adults are not motivated to learn, or face barriers to participation
		Using skills effectively
			The activation of skills in the labour market could be enhanced, despite good progress
			The inclusiveness of the labour market in Poland is a concern
			Skills shortages in various sectors hamper growth
			The skills of adults are not used to their full potential in workplaces
			Innovations in workplaces and the broader economy can support effective skills use
	Policy context in Poland
	Priority areas and recommendations
		Making the education system more responsive to labour market needs
			Opportunity 1: Expanding career counselling services in education institutions
			Opportunity 2: Strengthening incentives for education institutions to align their offer with labour market needs
			Opportunity 3: Improving incentives and support for effective teaching
			Opportunity 4: Strengthening collaboration between education institutions and employers
			Overview of recommendations
		Fostering greater participation in adult learning of all forms
			Opportunity 1: Raising awareness of adult learning benefits and opportunities
			Opportunity 2: Making learning more flexible and accessible for adults
			Opportunity 3: Better sharing and targeting financing to increase participation in adult learning
			Overview of recommendations
		Strengthening the use of skills in Polish workplaces
			Opportunity 1: Raising awareness of the relevance of effective skills use and related HPWP
			Opportunity 2: Supporting enterprises and organisations to adopt HPWP
			Opportunity 3: Equipping management staff with the right skills to implement HPWP
			Opportunity 4: Engaging employees effectively to implement HPWP
			Overview of recommendations
		Strengthening the governance of the skills system in Poland
			Opportunity 1: Strengthening co-operation on skills policy at the national level
			Opportunity 2: Strengthening vertical and subnational co-operation on skills policy
			Opportunity 3: Integrating and using skills information effectively
			Overview of recommendations
	References
		Annex 1.A. OECD Skills Strategy Dashboard, Poland
	Characteristics
	Indicator selection
	Method for the calculation of aggregate indicators
		Annex 1.B.  Strategies and recent and new reforms in Poland related to skills and education
	Notes
2 Making the education system more responsive to labour market needs
	The importance of a responsive education system for Poland
	Overview and performance of the responsiveness of initial VET and tertiary education systems in Poland
		Overview of the current arrangements in initial VET and tertiary education
			Arrangements in initial VET
			Arrangements in tertiary education
		Poland’s performance
			Employability of recent graduates
			Skills imbalances
			The skill levels of recent graduates
	Opportunities to make initial VET and tertiary education systems more responsive
		Opportunity 1: Expanding career counselling services in education institutions
			Complementing career counselling reforms in schools
				Recommendations for complementing career counselling reforms in schools
			Strengthening career counselling in tertiary education
				Recommendations for strengthening career counselling in tertiary education
		Opportunity 2: Strengthening incentives for education institutions to align their offer with labour market needs
			Supporting and monitoring recent reforms in initial VET funding
				Recommendations for supporting and monitoring recent reforms in initial VET funding
			Monitoring the impact of recent HE funding reforms on employability
				Recommendation for monitoring the impact of recent HE funding reforms on employability
		Opportunity 3: Improving incentives and support for effective teaching
			Improving incentives and support for VET teachers
				Recommendation for improving incentives and support for VET teachers
			Supporting the implementation of the new curriculum in initial VET
				Recommendation for supporting the implementation of the curriculum in initial VET
			Strengthening support and incentives for effective teaching in HEIs
				Recommendation for strengthening support and incentives for effective teaching in HEIs
		Opportunity 4: Strengthening collaboration between education institutions and employers
			Improving subnational co-operation between VET schools and employers
				Recommendation for improving subnational co-operation between VET schools and employers
			Supporting and monitoring governance reforms in academic HEIs
				Recommendation for supporting and monitoring governance reforms in academic HEIs
			Strengthening work-based learning in initial VET
				Recommendation for strengthening work-based learning in initial VET
			Expanding dual studies in HEIs
				Recommendation for expanding dual studies in HEIs
	Overview of recommendations
	References
3 Fostering greater participation in adult learning of all forms
	The importance of adult learning for Poland
	Overview and performance of Poland’s adult learning system
		Overview of Poland’s adult learning system
		Poland’s performance
	Opportunities to raise adult learning participation in Poland
		Opportunity 1: Raising awareness of adult learning benefits and opportunities
			Raising general awareness of adult learning through strategies, campaigns and online portals
				Recommendation for raising general awareness of adult learning
			Raising awareness through targeted guidance and outreach activities
				Recommendation for raising awareness through targeted measures
		Opportunity 2: Making learning more flexible and accessible for adults
			Expanding adult learning in Polish workplaces
				Recommendation for expanding adult learning in Polish workplaces
			Increasing the flexibility of adult education and training
				Recommendation for increasing the flexibility of adult education and training
			Improving recognition of prior learning for adults
				Recommendation for improving the recognition of prior learning for adults
		Opportunity 3: Better sharing and targeting financing to increase participation in adult learning
			Better sharing the costs of adult learning
				Recommendations for better sharing the costs of adult learning
			Better targeting public adult learning expenditure
				Recommendation for better targeting public adult learning expenditure
	Overview of recommendations
	References
	Notes
4 Strengthening the use of skills in Polish workplaces
	The importance of the effective use of skills for Poland
	Overview and performance of skills use in Poland
		Overview of current arrangements for skills use in Poland
		Poland’s performance
			The use of skills in Polish workplaces
			The adoption of high-performance workplace practices in Poland
				Flexibility and autonomy
				Teamwork and information sharing
				Training and development
				Benefits, career progression and performance management
	Opportunities to improve the effective use of skills
		Opportunity 1: Raising awareness of the relevance of effective skills use and related high-performance workplace practices
			Including the topic of skills use in workplaces and the adoption of HPWP in national, regional and sectoral strategies
				Recommendation for including the topic of skills use in workplaces and the adoption of HPWP in national, regional and sectoral strategies
			Disseminating knowledge and good practices related to HPWP through targeted campaigns and centralised online information
				Recommendations for disseminating knowledge and good practices related to HPWP through targeted campaigns and centralised online information
		Opportunity 2: Supporting enterprises and organisations to adopt high-performance workplace practices
			Supporting firms, especially SMEs, to adopt HPWP
				Recommendations for supporting firms to adopt HPWP
			Leveraging employer networks and supporting collaboration at the sector level to promote the adoption of HPWP
				Recommendations for leveraging employer networks and supporting collaboration at the sector level to promote the adoption of HPWP
			Ensuring a leading role for the public sector in the effective use of skills and the adoption of HPWP
				Recommendation for ensuring a leading role for the public sector in the effective use of skills and the adoption of HPWP
		Opportunity 3: Equipping management staff with the right skills to implement high-performance workplace practices
			Supporting the development of managerial skills by strengthening learning opportunities
				Recommendations for supporting the development of managerial skills by strengthening learning opportunities
			Building a strong foundation for managerial and entrepreneurial skills by teaching them in initial education
				Recommendation for building a strong foundation for managerial and entrepreneurial skills by teaching them in initial education
		Opportunity 4: Engaging employees effectively to implement high-performance workplace practices
			Enhancing employee engagement in Polish firms by involving them in company decision making and improving overall job quality
				Recommendation for enhancing employee engagement in Polish firms by involving them in company decision making and improving overall job quality
			Strengthening employee representative structures in Polish firms
				Recommendation for expanding and strengthening employee representative structures in Polish firms
	Overview of recommendations
	References
5 Strengthening the governance of the skills system in Poland
	The importance of governance for Poland’s skills system
	Overview and performance of skills governance in Poland
		Overview of current roles and responsibilities for skills policy
			Whole-of government co-ordination on skills
			Stakeholder engagement with policy makers
			Building integrated information systems
		Poland’s performance
			Whole-of-government co-ordination on skills
			Stakeholder engagement with policy makers
			Building integrated information systems
	Opportunities to strengthen skills governance in Poland
		Opportunity 1: Strengthening co-operation on skills policy at the national level
			Strengthening skills strategies and oversight of the skills system
				Recommendations for strengthening skills strategies and oversight of the skills system
			Strengthening other mechanisms for co-ordination at the national level
				Recommendations for strengthening other mechanisms for co-ordination at the national level
		Opportunity 2: Strengthening vertical and subnational co-operation on skills policy
			Strengthening mechanisms for vertical co-ordination
				Recommendations for strengthening mechanisms for vertical co-ordination
			Strengthening mechanisms for subnational co-operation
				Recommendations for strengthening mechanisms for subnational co-operation
			Ensuring subnational actors have the capacity for co-ordinated and effective skills policy
				Recommendations for ensuring that subnational actors have the capacity to contribute to co-ordinated and effective skills policy
		Opportunity 3: Integrating and using skills information effectively
			Improving and integrating skills information
				Recommendations for improving and integrating skills information
			Disseminating and using skills information effectively
				Recommendations for disseminating and using skills information effectively
	Overview of recommendations
	References
		Annex A. Engagement
Annex A. Engagement