OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies Risk Governance Scan of Kazakhstan

Foreword
Acronyms and abbreviations
Executive summary
Assessment and Recommendations
	1. Reinforce inclusiveness in the national risk management framework
		Leverage the CES leadership role to strengthen a whole-of-government approach and drive horizontal integration of risk management policies
		Mobilise a whole of society approach to involve civil society, the private sector, research institutions, and the public in the formulation of risk policies
		Establish public private partnerships to leverage the private sector’s skills and capabilities across all phases of the disaster risk management cycle
	2. Foster evidence-based risk policy-making with wider risk assessments and information-exchanges
		Integrate analysis of all hazards into a single national risk assessment through a whole of government process to compare different risks and support capabilities-based planning for all-hazards
		Adopt open data policies and foster the exchange of information with stakeholders to facilitate cooperation and enhance technical capacities for risk assessments
		Foster long-term risk analyses beyond seasonal risks by using foresight research and horizon scanning to better anticipate emerging risks, and understand the underlying drivers of vulnerabilities
	3. Reinforce national resilience through disaster risk reduction and greater attention to critical infrastructure
		Develop a national critical infrastructure resilience program to reduce disruption time and economic losses
		Establish monitoring and evaluation tools to prevent violations of regulations in urban plans, land use restrictions, building codes and granting building permits in hazardous areas
	4. Enhance transparency and accountability of risk-management policy decisions
		Publish and distribute to all relevant stakeholders a non-classified version of the National Security Strategy to clarify the roles and responsibilities across stakeholders, and to build a comprehensive understanding of the goals, objectives, and targ...
		Establish a comprehensive accountability framework that monitors risk management outcomes and evaluates the performance of all relevant stakeholders
		Set up a national reporting system of local actions to reduce disaster risk found in building codes, land-use restrictions and urban plans
	5. Promote adaptive capacity, continuous learning and incorporation of new information to revise risk management policies
		Institute a formal process of lessons learned to revise risk management policies
		Develop central level guidance for recovery and reconstruction processes to strengthen “build back better” policies
Chapter 1.  Critical risks in Kazakhstan
	Natural hazards in Kazakhstan
		Socio-economic impact of past disasters
		A high recurrence of seasonal flooding
		Earthquake risks
		Other risks
	Socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster risks
	Coping with climate change
	References
Chapter 2.  Kazakhstan’s disaster risk governance framework
	Core legal and strategic frameworks for risk governance
		The National Security Strategy
		The Law on Civil Protection 2014
		Regional development plans and risk management policies
		International cooperation
	The principle actors in risk management
		Leadership for driving disaster risk management policy
		Sectoral risk policies across central level government
		Vertical coordination: sub-national level and local significance
		Roles and responsibilities at the subnational level
		Setting up accountability mechanisms
	Inclusiveness in disaster risk management policy formulation and implementation
		Citizen engagement through raising awareness initiatives
		Engagement with the private sector
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3.  Evidence-based policy-making
	The risk assessment process
		Development of a national multi-risk assessment
		Central level single-risk assessments
			Hydro-meteorological risks
			Mudflow risk
			Earthquake risks
			Industrial risks
		Local risk assessments and hazard maps
			Openness and accessibility of hazard maps
	Challenges to risk-informed evidence-based decision-making: incomplete data-sets and openness
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Chapter 4.  Governing disaster risk reduction in Kazakhstan
	Governing structural prevention measures
		Cost-sharing mechanisms for structural measures
	Non-structural measures
		Oversight and monitoring of land-use planning and building codes
	Whole-of-society approach to cope with disaster events
		Communication of risk information and raising awareness
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5.  Disaster preparedness and response
	Monitoring hazards and early-warning systems
	Governance arrangements for preparedness
		Central level
		Regional and local preparedness
		Preparing for seasonal flood risk and earthquakes
		Engagement with the private sector and civil society in preparedness
	Strategic crisis management
		Leadership and crisis communication
		Strengthening critical infrastructure resilience
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Chapter 6.  Recovery, lessons-learning and adaptive capacity
	Public policies for recovery and reconstruction
		Post-disaster damage assessments
		Building back better
	Financing recovery and reconstruction
		Funding for disaster recovery and reconstruction
		Transparency in the allocation of resources
		Disaster risk insurance
	Adaptive capacity of the risk governance framework
		Lessons-learning exercises: do they drive policy changes?
	Conclusion
	References
	Questionnaire – Regional Department Committee for Emergency situations
Annex A. List of interviewees during fact-finding missions (22-23 January and 16-20 April 2018)