OECD economic surveys : Hungary.

Basic Statistics of Hungary, 2017
Executive Summary
Key Policy Insights
	Recent macroeconomic developments and short-term prospects
		The economic recovery is maturing
		Labour market shortages are emerging and widening
		Prospects and risks
	Monetary, financial and fiscal policies to promote stability and well-being
		Monetary policy is supportive
		Financial sector vulnerability could be further reduced
		Fiscal policy should be more forward looking
		Towards a more growth-friendly and equitable tax system
	Addressing longer-run challenges to well-being
		Broadening growth
		Addressing labour market challenges
		The population is ageing
	Greening growth requires mitigation of small particles emission
Annex. Progress in main structural reforms
Chapter 1.   The challenges of sustaining Hungary’s pension and health systems
	Introduction
	The public pay-as-you-go pension system runs a deficit
		Calculation of pension benefits
		Most forms of early retirement have been abolished
		Truncated careers reduce pension entitlements
	Old-age poverty is a concern
		The current pension design replicates wage inequalities
			Price indexation contributes to old-age poverty
		Old-age poverty can be mitigated with a basic state pension
	Demographic trends will put pressure on public spending on pensions
		The population is ageing and shrinking
		Benefit ratios will keep falling, increasing the risk of poverty
		The Women 40 scheme will widen the financing gap
	Financing the spending increases
		Voluntary savings can boost pension benefits
	The health sector is facing multiple challenges
	Health outcomes are characterised by low health status and large disparities
	The resources invested in health care are not used efficiently
		Reorganising health care provision would improve efficiency
		Stronger price signals could reduce inefficiencies in the hospital sector
		The gatekeeper role of primary care needs to be strengthened
		The effectiveness of preventive care has to be improved to address lifestyle risks
	A shortage of health workers hampers access to health services
	High out-of-pocket payments create a barrier to health care access for low-income earners
	Long-term care is faced with the challenge of population ageing
		The organisation of long-term care for the elderly is fragmented
		Low capacities of long-term care lead to a burden on informal care
		Boosting home-based care would lead to efficiency gains
		The capacities and efficiency of residential care homes need to be improved
	Higher public spending on health is needed to achieve better outcomes
Chapter 2.   Fostering regional growth and inclusiveness
	Urban regions have had the fastest growth
	Figure 2.1. The capital has been leading growth
		Western part of Hungary has benefited from inward FDI
		The capital region has benefited from agglomeration effects
		Agglomeration effects can also be found outside the capital
		Rural areas lag behind
		Greater mobility could promote regional development
		A more responsive education system could alleviate local labour shortages
		Public work schemes reduce regional employment differences
		Mobility is reduced by a rigid housing market and poor local roads
		Regions have received large inflows of EU structural funds
	Promoting regional growth
		Tourism as a regional growth driver
			The sector is increasingly serving visitors from the region
			The supply of tourism services remains centred on traditional offerings
			Tourism policies are focussed on expanding tourism infrastructures
			Tourism promotion plays a relatively small role
			Tax policies are used to stimulate tourism demand
		Agriculture as a regional growth driver
		Digitalisation as a promoter of regional growth
	Bibliography