Ocean Optics (Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics)

Contents......Page 12
Introduction......Page 22
The light field......Page 23
Apparent optical properties......Page 25
Inherent optical properties......Page 26
The radiative transfer equation......Page 29
The direct and inverse problems......Page 30
The successive order of scattering solution......Page 31
The single scattering approximation......Page 32
The quasi-single scattering approximation......Page 35
Bio-optical model of the inherent optical properties......Page 37
The Monte Carlo method......Page 41
Sample simulations of K and R......Page 43
Analysis of K[sub(d)]......Page 45
Analysis of R(0)......Page 51
Retrieval of inherent optical properties from K, R, and c......Page 54
Discussion......Page 57
Acknowledgment......Page 58
Introduction......Page 59
Deriving relationships by modeling......Page 62
Variation in the shape of the volume scattering function and its consequences......Page 69
Dependence of K[sub(d)] on a and b in waters of different scattering function......Page 70
Dependence of the coefficient G(μ[sub(0)]) on the shape of the volume scattering function......Page 73
Irradiance reflectance in waters with different scattering functions......Page 76
Introduction......Page 78
Closure of the inherent optical properties......Page 82
Closure of the apparent optical properties......Page 85
Discussion and conclusions......Page 90
Acknowledgment......Page 91
Introduction......Page 92
Underwater spectral irradiance......Page 93
Spectral absorption coefficient of phytoplankton......Page 98
Contribution of phytoplankton and other components to the light field in the sea......Page 103
Quantum yield of photosynthesis in a thermally stratified sea......Page 105
Introduction......Page 112
Single-particle optics and optical coefficients......Page 113
Optical properties of oceanic waters......Page 121
Introduction......Page 126
Photosynthetic efficiency and physiology......Page 127
Single cell analysis......Page 129
Modeling absorption and primary production......Page 134
Conclusions......Page 136
Brief history of optical oceanography in Europe......Page 137
Theoretical considerations for inherent optical properties......Page 138
Implementation of design considerations for inherent optical properties......Page 140
Theoretical considerations for apparent optical properties......Page 149
Implementation of design considerations for apparent optical properties......Page 151
Electronic irradiance meters......Page 159
The search for a standard method for the measurement of chlorophyll......Page 167
Chlorophyll fluorescence as an energy flow meter......Page 172
Ataxonomic methods......Page 174
Fluorescence studies in a single-cell flow cytometry......Page 178
Conclusions......Page 183
Introduction......Page 184
Light absorption and growth in continuous culture......Page 185
Adaptation to temperature......Page 186
Adaptation to nutrient supply......Page 188
Adaptation to photoperiod......Page 191
Interpretation......Page 192
Light absorption and growth rate......Page 193
Cellular chlorophyll and optical properties......Page 195
Natural fluorescence, chlorophyll a, and photosynthesis......Page 197
Sources of variability......Page 203
Introduction......Page 208
Instrumentation......Page 209
Diurnal variability......Page 210
Summary......Page 219
Background......Page 221
Theoretical considerations......Page 225
Polarization......Page 229
Stokes parameters......Page 231
Mueller matrices......Page 238
Pure water......Page 245
Raman......Page 246
The measured cross-section......Page 247
Modeling the ocean environment......Page 250
Introduction......Page 262
Background......Page 263
Approach......Page 264
Imaging systems......Page 267
Pattern recognition......Page 269
Summary......Page 275
References......Page 277
C......Page 296
F......Page 297
M......Page 298
P......Page 299
S......Page 300
V......Page 301
Y......Page 302