Numerical Weather Prediction and Data Assimilation

Cover
Numerical Weather Prediction
and Data Assimilation, Volume 6
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Introduction
1. The Primitive Equations
	1.1. Wind forecast equations (conservation of momentum)
		1.1.1. Real forces
		1.1.2. Apparent forces
		1.1.3. Equation of motion
	1.2. Continuity equation (conservation of mass)
	1.3. Temperature forecast equation (conservation of energy)
	1.4. Moisture forecast equation (conservation of water vapor)
	1.5. Synopsis of equations
2. Solving Methods in NWP Models
	2.1. Decomposition of variables – the perturbation method
		2.1.1. Synoptic scale equations
		2.1.2. Mesoscale equations
	2.2. Numerical solutions of partial differential equations
		2.2.1. Computations by finite difference schemes
		2.2.2. Derivation of finite difference representations
		2.2.3. Methods for solving the advection–diffusion equation
	2.3. Time splitting
3. Domain Structures and Boundary Conditions
	3.1. Horizontal grid structure and resolution
	3.2. The vertical coordinate system
		3.2.1. Terrain-following coordinate system
	3.3. Boundary conditions
		3.3.1. Lateral boundary conditions
		3.3.2. Upper (top) boundary conditions
		3.3.3. Lower (bottom) boundary conditions
	3.4. Design of a simulation
4. Introduction to Data Assimilation
	4.1. Successive correction methods
	4.2. Least square method
	4.3. Variational approach
	4.4. Generalization of the methods
5. Desert Dust Modeling
	5.1. Dust uptake mechanisms formulation
	5.2. Dust advection and deposition
	5.3. Parameterization of the dust feedbacks on climate
6. Simulations of Extreme Weather and Dust Events
	6.1. Case study 1: numerical simulation of a Mediterranean cyclone and its sensitivity on lower boundary conditions
		6.1.1. Description of the synoptic conditions
		6.1.2. Design of the simulations
		6.1.3. Analysis of the numerical simulations
	6.2. Case study 2: nowcasting an extreme precipitation event
		6.2.1. Synoptic analysis of the event
		6.2.2. Nowcasting methodology and results
	6.3. Case study 3: seasonal predictability of a large-scale heat wave
		6.3.1. Description of the synoptic conditions
		6.3.2. Model description and methodology
		6.3.3. Predictability assessment
	6.4. Numerical study of a severe desert dust storm over Crete
Appendices
	Appendix 1
	Appendix 2
		A2.1. Turbulent diffusion parameterizations
		A2.2. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization
			A2.2.1. Surface layer parameterization
			A2.2.2. Viscous sublayer parameterization
			A2.2.3. Transition layer parameterization
		A2.3. Transforming the vertical coordinate
References
Index
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