Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower

Acknowledgments
About This Book
	Reference
Contents
Contributors
1 Policy Framework for Hydropower Mitigation
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Policy Framework for Hydropower Mitigation
		1.2.1 European Policies
		1.2.2 National Policies
	1.3 Conclusion
	References
	References
2 Costs of Ecological Mitigation at Hydropower Plants
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Cost Ranges of Mitigation Measures
		2.2.1 Costs of Environmental Flow Measures
		2.2.2 Costs of Sediment Management Measures
		2.2.3 Costs of Fish Migration Measures
		2.2.4 Costs of Habitat Measures
	2.3 Cost Comparisons from FIThydro Testcases
		2.3.1 Calculating Costs of Operational Changes
		2.3.2 Cost Comparison of Fishfriendly Measures
	2.4 Conclusion
	References
	References
3 Public Acceptance of Hydropower
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Factors for Public Acceptance of Hydropower
	3.3 Methods of Measuring Public Acceptance
		3.3.1 Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
		3.3.2 Using the Q-Methodology to Study Public Acceptance of Hydropower
	3.4 Example Q Studies of Hydropower Across Europe
		3.4.1 Case Studies
		3.4.2 Results and Discussion
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
	References
4 Impacts and Risks of Hydropower
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Barrier Effects
	4.3 Upstream Flow Alterations
	4.4 Downstream Flow Alterations
	4.5 Upstream Passage
	4.6 Downstream Passage
	4.7 Risk and Impact Assessment
	References
	References
5 The Attractiveness of Fishways and Bypass Facilities
	5.1 Passability: Fish Swimming Behaviour and Fishpass Preferences (e.g. Schiffmühle)
		5.1.1 Introduction
		5.1.2 Case Study Hydropower Plant Schiffmühle, River Limmat, Switzerland
		5.1.3 Methods
		5.1.4 Passage Efficiency
		5.1.5 Migration Time
		5.1.6 Migration Distance
		5.1.7 Downstream Migration
		5.1.8 Conclusions
		5.1.9 Acknowledgements
	5.2 Assessing the Effectiveness of Migration Facilities in Guma Iberian Testcase
		5.2.1 Introduction
		5.2.2 Materials and Methods
		5.2.3 Results
		5.2.4 Conclusions
	5.3 Adaptation of Vertical Slot Fishways to Multi Fish Species with Macro-Roughness
		5.3.1 Introduction
		5.3.2 Methods and Results
		5.3.3 Conclusions
	References
	References
6 Attraction Flow and Migration Habitat Assessment Using an Agent-Based Model
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Test Case Altusried
	6.3 Migration Model Concept
	6.4 Fuzzy Systems for Migration Corridors
	6.5 Model Results
	6.6 Analysis of Migratory Situation—Mitigation Options
	6.7 Outlook
	References
	References
7 Fish Guidance Structures with Narrow Bar Spacing: Physical Barriers
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Physical Barriers
	References
	References
8 Fish Guidance Structure with Wide Bar Spacing: Mechanical Behavioural Barrier
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Curved-Bar Rack-Bypass System
	8.3 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
	References
9 Guidelines for Application of Different Analysis Methods of Fish Passage Through Turbines—Impact Assessment of Fish Behavioural Aspects
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Introduction to Testcases
	9.3 Simple Modelling Methods
	9.4 Advanced Modelling Methods Using CFD
	9.5 Summary and Outlook
	References
	References
10 Measures to Improve Fish Passage Through a Turbine
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Changing Operation Modes for Reduced Risk—Best Practice Guidelines for Turbine Operation
	10.3 Influencing the Impact on Fish During Turbine Passage—IDA
	References
	References
11 Archimedes Screw—An Alternative for Safe Migration Through Turbines?
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Fish Passage at Archimedes Screws
	References
	References
12 Hydropeaking Impact Assessment for Iberian Cyprinids: Hydropeaking Tool Adaptation
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Hydropeaking Tool for Salmonids
	12.3 Adapting the Tool for Iberian Cyprinids
	12.4 Discussion
	References
	References
13 Modelling of Habitat Changes Related to Hydropeaking with CASiMiR
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Testcase GKI (Inn, Austria)
	13.3 Identifying Representative Hydropeaking Events
	13.4 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
	References
14 Creation and Use of “Compensation” Habitats—An Integrated Approach
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Ecological Measures in Impoundments of River Power Stations
		14.2.1 Immediate Vicinity of the Hydropower Plant; Significant Low Flow Velocities and Little Variation in Water Level
		14.2.2 Middle Part of the Reservoir; Minor Flow Variation and Temperate Seasonal Variation in Water Level
		14.2.3 Head of the Reservoir/Downstream Part of the Next Plant; High Flow Variation, High Seasonal Variation in Water Level and Therefore Almost Natural Variation (Water Level, Flow Conditions)
	14.3 Near Natural Bypass Systems as Key Element of an Integrated Approach
	References
	References
15 Risk Assessment and Decision Making on Mitigation Measures
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 The European Fish Hazard Index
		15.2.1 Flow Alterations
		15.2.2 Entrainment and Turbine Mortality (ETM)
		15.2.3 Upstream Fish Passage
		15.2.4 Downstream Fish Passage
		15.2.5 Final EFHI Score
		15.2.6 Application of EFHI
	15.3 Cumulative Impact Assessment
		15.3.1 Cascades of Consecutive Impoundments
		15.3.2 Fragmentation Due to Multiple Barriers
		15.3.3 Cumulative Impacts—Diadromous Species
		15.3.4 Cumulative Impacts—Potamodromous Species
		15.3.5 Managing Cumulative Effects
	15.4 Decision Support Tool
		15.4.1 Decision Making in Hydropower Development and Mitigation
		15.4.2 FIThydro Decision Support System
		15.4.3 Scheme Characterisation, Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
		15.4.4 Ecological Status Assessment and Review of Existing Mitigation
		15.4.5 Identification of Appropriate Mitigation Measures and Synergistic Solutions
		15.4.6 Summary and Scope of the FIThydro DSS
	References
	References
16 Conclusions and Outlook