Nonprofit Management: principles and practice

Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I Understanding Nonprofit Management, the Nonprofit Sector, and Nonprofit Organizations
	Chapter 1 Nonprofit Management as a Profession and a Field of Study
		A Revolution in Management
		A Distinct Profession
		Nonprofit Management as a Field of Study
		Toward a Balanced Approach
		Proceeding With Realism and Pride
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Case
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles
			Websites
	Chapter 2 Overview of the Nonprofit Sector
		America’s Nonprofit Sector: A Historical Overview
		Searching for a Common Vocabulary
		Alternatives to Nonprofit
		Size of the U.S. Nonprofit Sector
		Differentiating the Nonprofit Sector
			National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities
			IRS Classifications
			Salamon’s Anatomy
			The Spectrum of Organizations
		Emerging New Models
		The Commercialization Debate
		Commercialization and Tax Exemption
		Implications for Nonprofit Managers
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 2.1 The Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative
		Case 2.2 A Double Bottom Line: Ben & Jerry’s
		Case 2.3 Burning Man
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles/Book Chapters
			Websites
	Chapter 3 Theories of the Nonprofit Sector and Nonprofit Organizations
		Explaining the Nonprofit Sector
			Nonprofit Theory Across the Disciplines
			The Failure Theories
			Market and Government Failure
			Nonprofits as Gap Fillers
			Supply-Side Theories
			Theories of Altruism and Giving
			Theory of the Commons: An Interdisciplinary Approach
			Changing Definitions of Private, Public, and Common
		Explaining Nonprofit Organizations
			Characteristics of Nonprofit Organizations
			Nonprofits as Open Systems
			Resource Dependence
			Isomorphism
			Explaining Nonprofit Organizational Structures
			Organizational Culture
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 3.1 The Smithsonian Institution and the Catherine B. Reynolds Foundation
		Case 3.2 The National Trust for Historic Preservation
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix x
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles
PART II Governing and Leading Nonprofit Organizations
	Chapter 4 Nonprofit Governing Boards
		Types of Governing Boards
			Elected Boards
			Self-Perpetuating Boards
			Appointed and Hybrid Boards
			Advisory Councils
		The Governing Board’s Responsibilities
			The Governing Board’s Legal Responsibilities
			The Governing Board’s Functional Responsibilities
		The Board and the CEO
			Carver’s Policy Governance Model
			Chait, Ryan, and Taylor: Governance as Leadership
			Herman and Heimovics: Psychological Centrality and Board-Centered Leadership
		Explaining Board Behavior
		Managing Nonprofit Boards
			Role of the Chair
			Governance Committee
			Board Professionals
		Nonprofit Board Effectiveness
			Critics of Board Performance
			Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
			The Search for Best Practices
		The Challenge of Nonprofit Governance
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 4.1 Sweet Briar College
		Case 4.2 The Hershey Trust
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books/Reports
			Websites
	Chapter 5 Executive Leadership
		The CEO’s Job
		Management and Leadership
		Overview of Leadership Theories
			An Evolution in Thinking
			Transformational Leadership
			Charismatic Leadership
		The Effective Nonprofit CEO
			Focus on Mission
			Focus on the Board
			Focus on External Relationships
			Share Leadership and Empower Others
			Focus on Key Roles and Priorities
			Use the “Political Frame”
			Right Person, Right Place, Right Time
		Founder Syndrome
		Executive Transitions
		Leading Change
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 5.1 A Change in Leadership at Habitat for Humanity
		Case 5.2 Challenge and Change at United Way
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books/Book Chapters
			Articles
			Websites
PART III Managing the Nonprofit Organization
	Chapter 6 Ensuring Accountability and Measuring Performance
		Defining and Ensuring Accountability
		Mechanisms for Accountability
			Requirements of Law
			Self-Regulation: Standards and Accreditation
			Transparency
		Measuring and Managing Performance
			Financial Ratios
			Benchmarking
			Outcomes
			Balanced Scorecard
			Social Return on Investment
			Blended Value
		Performance Measurement: The Continuing Debate
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 6.1 The Wounded Warrior Project
		Case 6.2 Youth Villages
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles/Reports
			Websites
	Chapter 7 Developing Strategy, Building Capacity, and Managing Risk
		Understanding Strategy
		Strategic Planning and Strategic Management
		The Strategic Planning Process
			Planning to Plan
			Defining Mission, Vision, and Values
			Assessing the Situation
			Identifying Strategic Issues
			Setting Goals
		Developing Strategies
		Setting Objectives
		Writing the Strategic Plan
		Developing an Operational Plan
		Benefits and Limitations of Strategic Planning
		Building Organizational Capacity
		Defining and Understanding Capacity
		Capacity Building in Action
		A Model for Capacity Building
		Capacity and Organizational Life Cycles
		Capacity Building Evaluated
		Managing Risk
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 7.1 Generation Hope Strategic Plan 2021
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books/Reports
			Articles
			Websites
	Chapter 8 Collaborations, Partnerships, and Mergers
		Growing Interest in Collaboration
		A Continuum of Relationships
		Exploring Collaborations and Mergers
		Drivers of Collaborations and Mergers
		Obstacles to Collaboration and Merger
			Culture
			Egos
			Brand Identity
			Community or Political Objections
			Costs
		Conditions for Success
			Driven by Mission
			Commitment From Top Leadership
			Trust
			Relatedness
			Process
		Collaborations and Mergers Within National Nonprofits
		Cross-Sector Collaboration
			A Continuum of Cross-Sector Collaboration
			Advantages and Disadvantages of CSCs
			Obstacles and Conditions for Success
		Achieving Collective Impact
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 8.1 N Street Village and Miriam’s House
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles/Reports
			Websites
	Chapter 9 Managing Staff and Service Volunteers
		Human Resources Management
			Requirements of Law
			Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
		An Overview of Management Theories
		Understanding Human Motivations
			Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
			McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y
			McClelland: Three Needs Theory
			Myers and Briggs: Personality Types
			Herzberg: Motivators and Dissatisifiers
			Motivations of Nonprofit Staff
			Life Cycles and Generations
		Applying Theories to Managing the Nonprofit Workforce
		Managing Volunteers
			Types of Volunteers
			Motivations of Volunteers
			Volunteer Program Practices
			A Contingency Approach to Volunteer Stewardship
		Volunteer Management as a Career Field
		The Future of Volunteerism
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Cases 9.1–9.4 Staff and Volunteer Issues
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books/Book Chapters/Journals
			Websites
	Chapter 10 Marketing and Communications
		Defining and Understanding Marketing
		Marketing Serves the Mission
		Marketing Means Action
		Marketing as a Process
		The Marketing Mix
			Product
			Place
			Promotion
			Market Segmentation
			Price
			Defining the Exchange
		Building the Brand
		Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)
		Crafting an Effective Message
		Crisis Communications
		Social Media
			From Gatekeepers to Connectors
			Social Media Planning
			Operational Questions
		Evaluating Marketing and Communication
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 10.1 Rebranding 4-H
		Case 10.2 Susan G. Komen Foundation
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books/Journals
			Articles
			Websites
	Chapter 11 Advocacy and Lobbying
		Basic Distinctions
		Overview of Lobbying Law
			Option I: Substantial Part Test
			Option II: 501(h) Expenditure Test
			Political Campaign Activity
		Implementing an Advocacy Program
			Using Social Media
			Creating Movements for Social Change
		Continuing Issues and Concerns
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 11.1 Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
		Case 11.2 Housing First
		Case 11.3 National Audubon Society
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Case
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles
			Websites
PART IV Obtaining and Managing Resources
	Chapter 12 Financial Management
		Definitions of Key Concepts
		Understanding Nonprofit Finances
		Nonprofit Financial Statements
			Statement of Financial Position
			Statement of Activities
			Statement of Cash Flows
			Statement of Functional Expenses
			Required Disclosures and Notes to Financial Statements
		Audits
		Using Financial Ratios
		Managing Endowment Funds
		Developing and Managing the Budget
		Financial Policies and Controls
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 12.1 Hull House
		Case 12.2 The Newseum
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Newsletters
			Websites
	Chapter 13 Philanthropic Fundraising
		Definitions and Distinctions
		Motivations for Giving
			Understanding Corporate Philanthropy
			Foundation Giving
			Motivations of Individual Donors
		The Fundraising Process
			Identifying Priorities and Developing the Case
			Identifying and Qualifying Prospects
			Cultivating Prospects
			Soliciting the Gift
			Acknowledging and Recognizing Donors
			Stewarding the Gift and the Relationship
		Individual Donor Life Cycles
			Planned Giving
		Campaigns
		Managing Fundraising Programs
			Advancement Services
			Prospect Management
			Fundraising Efficiency and Effectiveness
			Staff Performance and Accountability
		Ethics and Professional Standards
			Tainted Donors and Tainted Money
			Association of Fundraising Professionals Code
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Cases 13.1a–g Fundraising Ethics
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books/Book Chapters
			Articles/Reports
			Websites
	Chapter 14 Social Enterprise and Earned Income
		Defining Social Enterprise and Earned Income
		Why Earned Income?
		Partnerships With Business
			Licensing
			Sponsorships
			Cause Marketing
			Integrated Relationships
			Operational Relationships
			Putting Partnerships Together
		Nonprofit Business Ventures
			Identifying Business Opportunities
			Feasibility Analysis and Business Planning
		Earned-Income Strategies: Issues and Decisions
			Sorting Out the Issues
			Evaluating Opportunities Against Mission
			A Continuing Debate
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 14.1 The National Geographic Society
		Case 14.2 Aspire CoffeeWorks
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Cases
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles
			Websites
	Chapter 15 Government Grants and Contracts
		Changes in Sources and Patterns of Support
		Grants, Contracts, and Fees
		Government Support: Opportunities and Challenges
		Seeking Government Support
			Identifying Grant Opportunities
			Evaluating Grant Opportunities
			Preparing and Submitting an Application or Proposal
		Nonprofits in the Policy Arena
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 15.1 SEED Foundation
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Case
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles
			Websites
PART V Special Topics
	Chapter 16 Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation
		Defining and Understanding Social Entrepreneurship
			Social Enterprise School
			Social Innovation School
		History of Social Entrepreneurship as a Field
		Theories of Social Entrepreneurship
		Social Entrepreneurship Across Fields and Around the World
		Building High-Impact Nonprofits
		Sustaining Innovation
		The Future of Social Entrepreneurship
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 16.1 KaBOOM!
		Case 16.2 Harlem Children’s Zone
		Questions for Discussion
		Appendix Case
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Journals
			Websites
	Chapter 17 Governing and Managing International and Global Organizations
		Definitions and Scope of International Organizations
		International Philanthropy and Fundraising
			International Giving
			Global Fundraising
		International Nonprofit Governance and Management
			Managing Across Cultures
			Governing International and Global Organizations
			Structuring International NGOs
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms and Concepts
		Case 17.1 Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders
		Case 17.2 Haitian Earthquake Relief and Recovery
		Questions for Discussion
		Suggestions for Further Reading
			Books
			Articles
			Websites
Conclusion
Appendix: Cases for Discussion
	1. New York City Opera
	2. Share Our Strength/No Kid Hungry
	3. The Y
	4. The Girl Scouts of the United States of America
References
Index
About the Author