Non-Democratic Legitimacy During the Arab Spring: Defending Dictatorship

Contents
1 Introduction
	1.1 Analyzing the Defense of Dictatorship
	1.2 Defending Tradition or Buying off the Masses?
	References
2 A Historical Overview of MENA Politics Leading Up to the Arab Spring
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Legitimizing Dictatorship: Religion, Regimes and Resources
	2.3 Historical Context
	References
	Primary Data
	Secondary Data
	Media Reports
	Printed/Online Books
	International Organization Reports
3 Case Studies
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
	3.3 The Kingdom of Bahrain
	3.4 Mubarak’s Egypt
	3.5 Ben Ali’s Tunisia
	3.6 Understanding MENA Monarchies
		3.6.1 Bahrain’s Sectarianism and Jordan’s Tribalism
	3.7 Conclusion
	References
	Primary Data
	Secondary Data
	Media Reports
	Printed/Online Books
	International Organization Reports
	Social Media
4 The Speeches Defending Dictatorship During the Arab Spring
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Speeches of Legitimacy During the Arab Spring
		4.2.1 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan’s Abdullah II
		4.2.2 The Kingdom of Bahrain’s Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa
		4.2.3 Egypt’s President Mubarak
		4.2.4 Tunisia’s President Ben Ali
	References
	Primary Data
	Secondary Data
5 Tyranny and the Constitution: Formalizing Dictatorship During the Arab Spring
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Constitutions, Speeches and the Arab Spring
		5.2.1 Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
		5.2.2 Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain
		5.2.3 Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt
		5.2.4 Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia
	References
	Primary Data
	Secondary Data
	Media Reports
	Printed/Online Books
	International Organization Reports
6 Conclusion
	References
Appendices
	Outline placeholder
		Appendix 1: Remarks by His Majesty During a Gathering with National Public Figures
		Appendix 2: Speech of HM King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa on 23rd November
		Appendix 3: Egypt Unrest: Full Text of Hosni Mubarak’s Speech
			‘Defined Vision’
			‘Constitutional Reforms’
			‘In One Trench’
			‘Immortal Identity’
		Appendix 4: The Last Official Address of Ben Ali
Bibliography
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Media Reports
Printed/Online Books
International Organization Reports
Social Media
Index