Node.js: Novice to Ninja

Node.js: Novice to Ninja
Notice of Rights
Notice of Liability
Trademark Notice
About Craig Buckler
About SitePoint
Table of Contents
Preface
	Prerequisites
	Code Samples
	Tips, Notes, and Warnings
		Hey, You!
		Ahem, Excuse Me ...
		Make Sure You Always ...
		Watch Out!
What is Node.js?
		Skip Ahead?
		JavaScript, JScript, ECMAScript, ES6, ES2015?
	Why Learn Node.js?
		It’s JavaScript
			JavaScript Alternatives
		It’s Fast
		It’s Real-time
		It’s Lightweight
		It’s Modular
		It’s Extendible
		It’s Open Source
		It’s Everywhere
			What About Deno?
	Summary
	Quiz
Install Node.js
		Node Version Manager
	Choosing a Node.js Version
	How to Install Node.js on Linux (or Windows WSL2)
		Configuring npm Global Permissions on Linux
	How to Install Node.js on macOS
	How to Install Node.js on Windows
	How to Install Node.js on Other Devices
	Run JavaScript Commands in the Node.js REPL
	Summary
	Quiz
Your First Node.js Application
	Your First Console App
		#!/What?
	Your First Web Server App
		Port 3000?
	Restarting Node.js Applications with Nodemon
		Executing Scripts from Windows Powershell
	Web Application Considerations
		Complexity Ahead
		Write Stateless Applications
	Summary
	Quiz
How to Debug Node.js Scripts
		Skip Ahead?
	What is Debugging?
	How to Avoid Bugs
		Use a Good Code Editor
		Use a Code Linter
		Use Source Control
		Adopt an Issue-tracking System
		Use Test-driven Development
	Node.js Debugging Environment Variables
	Node.js Debugging Command-line Options
	Console Debugging
		Never Use console.log()?!
	Node.js util.debuglog
	Debugging with Logging Modules
	Node.js V8 Inspector
	Debugging Node.js Apps with Chrome
		Not Using Chrome?
		Remote Target
		Debugger Statement
	Debugging Node.js Apps with VS Code
		Advanced Debugging Configuration
	Other Node.js Debugging Tools
	Exercise: Debugging webhello.js
	Summary
		Debugging Terminology
	Quiz
Getting Started with Express
	Why use Express?
		Express Version
	Create a New Node.js Project
		Create a New Git Repository
		Semantic Versioning
	Switch to ES6 Modules
	Install Express
		Runtime Dependencies and Development Dependencies
	Create the Express Entry Script
		What Is Routing?
	Should You Switch to HTTPS?
	Serve Static Files
		Efficient Static Assets
	Express Middleware Functions
	Define Working Directories
	Compressing HTTP Responses
	Disable Express Identification
	Handle 404 Not Found Errors
	Add an HTML Template Engine
		Template Performance
	Advanced Routing
		Routing Path Expressions
		Routing Path Parameters
		HTTP Route Methods
		Creating a Route Handler
	Exercises
	Summary
	Quiz
Processing Form Data with Express
		Code Examples
		Sanitize User Input
	Processing HTTP GET Query Strings
	Processing HTTP Post Body Data
		The body-parser Module
	Processing Uploaded Files
		Callback Functions
	Exercises
	Summary
	Quiz
How to Use the npm Node Package Manager
		npm Alternatives
	Global vs Local Packages
		npm link
	npm Help
	npm Configuration
	Project Initialization
		Semantic Versioning
		Project Dependencies
		Development Dependencies
	Searching for Packages
		Development Dependency Limits?
	Installing Packages
		.gitignore node_modules
		Shortcut Aliases
		Semantic Constraints
	“No-install” Execution
		npx Local Execution
	Listing Packages
	Finding Outdated Packages
		Update npm with npm
	Removing Packages
	Using npm Scripts
		Special Scripts
		Pre and Post Scripts
		Life Cycle Scripts
		Sophisticated Scripting
	Publishing Packages
		Publication Preparation
		Two-factor Authentication
		Publishing Tips
	Exercises
	Summary
	Quiz
Using ES2015 and CommonJS Modules
		Skip Ahead?
	CommonJS
	ES2015 Modules (ESM)
		Importing External URLs
	Comparison of CommonJS and ES2015 Modules
	Importing CommonJS Modules in ES2015
	Requiring ES2015 Modules in CommonJS
	Using ES2015 Modules in Browsers
	Summary
	Quiz
Asynchronous Programming in Node.js
	Single-threaded Non-blocking I/O Event-looping What?
		Callbacks in Action
	The Event Loop
		Avoid Blocking the Event Loop
	Callback Conundrums
		A Function Must be 100% Synchronous or 100% Asynchronous
		process.nextTick()
		Callback Hell
	Promises
		util.promisify()
		then() Functions Are Promisified
		Parallel Promises
		Promising Problems
	async/await
		Promise.all() is Still Necessary
		try/catch is Ugly
		Asynchronous Awaits in Synchronous Loops
	Exercises
		HTTP Requests
	Summary
	Quiz
Using Database Storage
		Skip Ahead?
	A Database-driven Web Application Example
		Installing and Configuring Database Software
	MongoDB
		Start the MongoDB Application
			Your Own MongoDB Installation?
		MongoDB Functionality
			What Is a Database Index?
		Stop the MongoDB Application
	MySQL
		Start the MySQL Application
			Your Own MySQL Installation?
		MySQL Functionality
			No Time?
			UNHEX? INET_ANON?
			Never Build SQL Strings!
		Stop the MySQL Application
	Sequelize ORM
		Start the Sequelize ORM Application
			Your Own MySQL Installation?
		Sequelize ORM Functionality
	How to Choose the Right Database
		Native vs ORM Drivers
	Exercises
	Summary
	Quiz
Using WebSockets
		Skip Ahead?
	What Are WebSockets?
	Example WebSocket Chat Application
	WebSocket Walkthrough
	Advanced WebSockets Considerations
		Multiple WebSocket Servers
			What is Pub–sub?
	Exercise
	Summary
	Quiz
Useful Node.js APIs
		Module node: URL Imports
	Process
		exit Events
	OS
	Util
	URL
	File System
		fs and path
	Events
		Events in Client-side JavaScript
	Streams
	Worker Threads
		Asynchronous Calculations
		Workers and Event Loops
	Child Processes
		A Real-world Example
	Clusters
		Write Stateless Applications
	Exercises
	Summary
	Quiz
Example Real-time Multiplayer Quiz: Overview
	Source Code
	Quizzing Quick Start
		What is Docker?
	Summary
Example Real-time Multiplayer Quiz: Architecture
	Why Develop Using Multiple Servers?
	1. One PostgreSQL Database Server
	2. Two Express HTTP Web Servers
	3. Three WebSocket Servers
	4. One Traefic Load Balancer
	5. Adminer Database Client
	Docker Development Environment
	Docker Production Environment
		Is Docker Compose Suited to Production?
	Summary
Example Real-time Multiplayer Quiz: Express Code
	Database Library
	Question Database Initialization
		Initializing Data on Application Start?
		Why Does the Number of Imported Questions Vary?
		Native Node.js Fetch()
		Sequential Database INSERTs
	Starting a New Game
	Joining a Game
	Quiz Page
	Summary
Example Real-time Multiplayer Quiz: WebSocket Code
	Initiating a WebSocket Connection
		WebSocket Message Format
		PostgreSQL Pub–sub
	Game Logic
		Joining a Game
			Why Run a create() Method?
		Starting a Game
		Answering a Question
		Leaving a Game
	Exercises
	Summary
Node.js Tools and Resources
	Perfect Package Pursuit
	Development Tools
	Testing
	Logging
	Full-stack Frameworks
	Server-side Frameworks
		Node.js in Client-side Frameworks
	Web Publishing, Content Management Systems, and Blogging
	Headless Content Management Systems
	Static Site Generators
	Database Drivers
	Templating
	Command Line
	File System
	Network
	WebSockets
	Images
	Email
	Security and Authentication
	Summary
Node.js Application Deployment
	Pages vs Applications
	Node.js Application Preparation
	Dedicated Server Hosting
		sudo-not
		HTTP and HTTPS Considerations
		Process Management
			PM2 Port Clashes
		Use a Reverse Proxy
	Static Site Hosting (Jamstack)
		Build PHP-powered Static Sites with Node.js
	Serverless/Lambda Functions
		AWS Everywhere
	Container Hosting
	Summary
Epilogue
	Is Node.js for You?
	Is Deno Better?
	Thank You for Reading!
Quiz Answers
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Chapter 8
	Chapter 9
	Chapter 10
	Chapter 11
	Chapter 12