Node.js for Beginners - A comprehensive guide to building efficient, full-featured web applications with Node.js

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: Node.js Overview and JavaScript Language
Chapter 1: Introduction to Node.js
	Technical requirements
	Why is Node.js so popular?
		Lightweight and fast
		Cross-platform and multi-purpose
		Easy learning curve
		Ecosystem
		Community-powered
	The Node.js single-thread architecture
		I/O needs to be done differently
		Non-blocking I/O
		Going deeper into the event loop
	Node.js versions
		Semantic versioning (SemVer)
		Release details
		Release schedule
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 2: Setting Up the Development Environment
	Technical requirements
	Installing Node.js on macOS, Windows, and Linux
		macOS
		Windows
		Linux
		Other environments
		Verifying the installation
	Managing Node.js versions
	Managing Node.js by using nvm
		Installing and using versions
		Using a .nvmrc file
		Node.js REPL
	Interacting with JavaScript using Chrome DevTools
		The Console panel
		The Network panel
		Using Chrome DevTools
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 3: JavaScript Fundamentals
	Technical requirements
	JavaScript is a powerful language
	Understanding versioning – TC39
		Understanding versioning – ECMAScript
		What is included in the next version of JavaScript?
		What is not included in the JavaScript specification?
	Exploring JavaScript documentation
	Linting JavaScript code
	Commenting JavaScript code
		Using JSDoc
	Printing values and debugging
	Variables and constants
		Naming conventions
		let versus const
	Understanding data types
		undefined
		object
		boolean
		number
		string
		function
		bigint
		symbol
	Exploring numbers
		Arithmetic operators
		Assignment operators
		Useful methods
		The Math object
		Other numbers
	Exploring Dates object
	Conditional statements
		Math comparison operators
		Equality operators
		Logical operators
		The NOT operator (!)
		Equality in JavaScript
		The nullish coalescing operator (??)
		The if statement
		The switch statement
		Ternary operator
	Understanding loops
		while
		do...while
		for
	Using strings in JavaScript
		Important methods
	Exploring arrays
		Basic operations
		Iterating over an array
		Destructuring
		Sets
	Using objects in JavaScript
		Basic operations
		Iteration
		Shallow copy versus deep copy
		Merging objects
		Destructuring
		Optional chaining (?.)
	Exploring functions
		The basics
		Arrow functions
		Closures
	Creating and managing classes
		Creating a class
		Class methods
		Extending classes
		Static methods
		Getters and setters
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 4: Asynchronous Programming
	Technical requirements
	Asynchronous programming in JavaScript
		The asynchronous mindset
	Understanding callbacks
		Timers and intervals
		Error first callbacks
		Callback hell
	Mastering promises
		Using promises
		Creating promises
		Callback hell with promises
		Parallel promises
		Error handling
		Chaining promises
	Using async and await to handle asynchronous code
		async
		await
		IIFEs
	Summary
	Further reading
Part 2: Node.js Ecosystem and Architecture
Chapter 5: Node.js Core Libraries
	Technical requirements
	Modularizing your code (ESM versus CJS)
		CommonJS (CJS)
		ECMAScript Modules (ESM)
		Understanding how interoperability works
	Structuring core libraries
		The library structure
		Stability index
		Other core libraries
		Command-line options
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 6: External Modules and npm
	Technical requirements
	Managing the application with package.json
	Choosing the correct dependencies for your project
		Risks
		Good criteria
	Installing dependencies
		Locally or globally
		Dependency or development dependency
		Adding new dependency
		Installing all the dependencies
	Removing dependencies
	Understanding the package-lock.json
	Managing dependencies versions
		Outdated dependencies
	Building Isomorphic JavaScript
	Using npm scripts
	Executing packages directly with NPX
	npm alternatives
		Yarn
		PNPM
		Verdaccio
	Publishing your first package
		Registries
		npm account
		Prepare the package
		Reviewing the package
		Publish the package
		Avoid the scoped packages
		Release new versions
		Prevent accidental publishing
		Best practices
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 7: Event-Driven Architecture
	Technical requirements
	Introducing events
	Watching for file changes
	The Node.js event emitter library
		Preventing chaos by organizing the listeners
		Removing listeners when they are not needed
	Your first HTTP server
	Adding an event layer to your modules
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 8: Testing in Node.js
	Technical requirements
	Why is testing important?
		Testing is a complex culture
		Testing has to be a team activity
		Take advantage now
	Testing approach and philosophy
		Testing is wildly used in the world
		The test pyramid
	How should I test my code?
		Frameworks and libraries
		Our first test
		Testing principles and goals
	Writing our first test suite
		Utils module
		Test core library
		Using the Jest library
	Mastering code coverage tooling
		Configuration
		Running the tests
		Node.js report
	TDD in action
	Summary
	Further reading
Part 3: Web Application Fundamentals
Chapter 9: Handling HTTP and REST APIs
	Technical requirements
	How the internet works under the hood
		History of the internet
		Internet Infrastructure
		Request for Comments (RFC)
	HTTP – server and client relationship
		Request and response
		Server-side rendering
		Single-Page Applications (SPAs)
	Mastering HTTP
		HTTP headers
		Status codes
		Request methods
		HTTP payloads
		HTTP versions
	Using URLs in web applications
	REST APIs in a nutshell
	Exploring the JSON specification
	Debugging HTTP requests
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 10: Building Web Applications with Express
	Technical requirements
	Getting familiar with the Express library
		Installing Express
		Hello World
		Using the generator
		Debugging
	Understanding template engines
		Choosing a template engine
		Rendering a template
		Understanding the process
	Mastering requests
		HTTP methods
		Routes
		Handlers
	Mastering responses
		Header management
		Status codes
		Redirects
		Sending data
		Sending files
	Using the middleware pattern
		Understanding the scope
		Middleware anatomy
		Adding middleware to the application
		Adding middleware to a route
		Common middleware used in Express
	Using third-party middleware
	Summary
	Further reading
Part 4: Building Solid Web Applications with Node.js
Chapter 11: Building a Web Application Project from Scratch
	Technical requirements
	The project Kickoff
		The project goal
		Starting with the first step
	Building a REST API
		Adding the routes
		Adding the stores
		Adding the static files
		Adding the templates
	Testing with supertest
		Adding stores to the server
		Creating test utils
		Adding server tests
	Reviewing the final result of the project
		The about page
		Let’s celebrate it!
		Next steps
	Summary
Chapter 12: Data Persistence with MongoDB
	Technical requirements
	What is MongoDB?
		Versions
	Setting up MongoDB
		Installing Docker
		Running MongoDB with a container
		Running MongoDB with Docker Compose
		Adding Docker commands to package.json
		Connecting to MongoDB
		Other ways to install MongoDB
	How to load secrets in Node.js
		Environment variables
		The .env file
		dotenv
	Using an ORM – Mongoose
	Migrating a web application to MongoDB
		Installing dependencies
		Managing the secrets
		Migrating the data layer
	Testing our MongoDB integration layer
		Update the utilities
		Refactoring the test suite
		Some tests must change
		Checking the coverage
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 13: User Authentication and Authorization with Passport.js
	Technical requirements
	Understanding modern authentication and authorization
		Authentication
		Authorization
	JWT in a nutshell
		The process
		The theory
		Cryptography 101
		JWT structure
		JWT.io
	Understanding Passport.js fundamentals
	Adding authentication and authorization to our web application
		Clone the base project
		Setup
		Run the tests
		The UI changes
		Added dependencies
		Changes in the frontend
		Added a new store for users
		JWT utilities
		Adding new routes
		Improved testing utilities
		Test case changes
		Test coverage
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 14: Error Handling in Node.js
	Technical requirements
	Exploring the types of errors
		Syntax errors
		Runtime errors
	Throwing meaningful errors
		The error object
		Custom errors
	Managing errors in Express
		Error-handling middleware
		Custom errors
	Gracefully shutting down the application
		Events
		Exit codes
		Avoiding zombie processes
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 15: Securing Web Applications
	Technical requirements
	The importance of security
		Social engineering
		Risks in the supply chain
		The business impact
	Where to start with security
		OWASP Top 10 overview
		CWE
		CVE
		Node.js threat model
		The Node.js official recommendations
	Improving the security of our applications
		Put it into practice
	Becoming an ethical hacker
		Coordinated vulnerability disclosure (CVD)
		Bounty programs
		Getting the skills
	Summary
	Further reading
Part 5: Mastering Node.js Deployment and Portability
Chapter 16: Deploying Node.js Applications
	Technical requirements
	Defining the requirements
	Using a GitHub repository
		Creating a GitHub repository
		Pushing the code to the repository
	Continuous integration with GitHub Actions
	Using MongoDB Atlas
	Deploying Node.js applications with PM2
		Creating a DigitalOcean Droplet
		Connecting to the machine
		Preparing the machine
		Cloning the repository
		Installing the dependencies
		Preparing the environment
		Managing the application with PM2
		Accessing the application
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 17: Dockerizing a Node.js Application
	Technical requirements
	Containers and cloud-native solutions with Docker
		Docker lifecycle
		Dockerizing the application
		Managing the application with Docker
		Adding docker build to the CI
		Pushing the image to Docker Hub
		Publishing the image with GitHub Actions
	Running the containers
	Using Cloudflare
	Next level – Twelve-Factor App principles
	Cleaning up
	Summary
	Further reading
Index
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