New Media in Times of Crisis

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
	Messages
	Technology
	Temporal Considerations in Times of Crisis
	Beyond Phases Toward an Organizing Focus
	Overview of This Book
SECTION I: Focusing on Crisis Responders
	Social Media Evolution
	Sensemaking in Teams
	1 Organizational Crisis Communication in the Age of Social Media: Weaving a Practitioner Perspective into Theoretical Understanding
		Organizational Crisis Response during the Era of Smartphones and Social Media
			How It Was and What It Became
			Evolving Social Media Use during Crises
			Social Media and the Transformed Nature of Crisis Storytelling
		Using Theory to Understand the Evolution of Crisis Response in the Social Media Age: A Focus on Organizing
			Weick’s Model of Organizing
			Using Weick to Understand Current Challenges in Organizational Crisis Communication
			Social Media Use Increases Need for Communication Cycles and Interrupts Feedback Loops
		Implications and Future Directions
	2 This Is Getting Bad: Embodied Sensemaking about Hazards When Business-as-Usual Turns into an Emergency
		Hazards, Threats, and Risk Assessment
		Sensemaking in Response to Cosmology Events
			Embodied Sensemaking
		Method
			Data Collection
			Data Analysis
		Findings
			Instantiating Performances
			Failure Performances
			Improvisational Performances
		Discussion
			Sensemaking as a Social and Corporeal Process
			The Role of Sensemaking in Developing Expertise
			Gaining a Voice in an Expertise-Driven Occupation
		Conclusion
	3 The Cultivation of Shared Resources for Crisis Response in Multiteam Systems
		Multiteam Systems
			System Relationships and Resources
		Method
			The System
			Data Collection
			Data Analysis
		Results
			Resources for Crisis Response
			Pre-Crisis Processes for Developing Interdependence
		Implications
			Limitations and Future Directions
		Conclusion
SECTION II: How Individuals Seek, Share, and Get Messages
	4 Identifying Communicative Processes Influencing Risk-Information Seeking at Work: A Research Agenda
		Risk-Information Seeking as Uncertainty Management
		An Interdisciplinary Approach to Risk-Information Seeking Research
			Organizational Information Seeking
			Crisis Communication Research
			Sources of Information
			Health Communication Contributions
		Practical Implications
	5 Trouble at 30,000 Feet: Twitter Response to United Airlines’ PR Crises
		United Airlines in Trouble… Twice
		Situational Crisis Communication Theory
			Situational Crisis Communication Theory and Messaging
		Method
			Data Analysis
		Results
			United’s “Leggings” Crisis
			United’s “Re-accommodation” Crisis
		Discussion and Practical Implications
			Limitations
	6 Mobile Crisis Communication: Temporality, Rhetoric, and the Case of Wireless Emergency Alerts
		Temporality and Crisis Communication Research Theories and Methods
			Temporality
		Wireless Emergency Alerts and Map Inclusion
			Explaining the Divergent Findings
		From Control to Convergence: Exploring a Rhetorical Approach
			The Rhetorical Construction of Temporality
		Practical Implications
		Conclusion
	7 Transportation Network Issues in Evacuations
		Transportation Issues
		Understanding Behavior: When, Where, and How People Evacuate
			When to Evacuate?
			Where to Evacuate?
			How to Evacuate?
		Tools for Planning and Carrying Out an Evacuation
			Issuance of Evacuation Orders
			Contraflow, Signal Control, and Network Design
			Designing Shelter Locations
			Planning for Shared Modes of Transportation
		Recovery
		Conclusion
			Practical Implications
SECTION III: Opportunities for New forms of Organizing During Times of Crisis
	8 Community Resilience and Social Media: A Primer on Opportunities to Foster Collective Adaptation Using New Technologies
		Community Resilience Models and Frameworks
		Community Resilience and Communication
		Community Resilience and Social Media
			Social Media Strategic Communication Processes for Community Resilience
			Social Media Relationship-Building for Community Resilience
		Challenges for Social Media and Community Resilience
			Rumors
			Polarization
			Inequality
		Conclusion
			Practical Implications
	9 Site-Seeing in Disaster: Revisiting Online Social Convergence a Decade Later
		Convergence Framework
			Helping
			Being Anxious
			Returning
			Supporting
			Mourning
			Exploiting
			Being Curious
		Discussion
	10 Dormant Disaster Organizing and the Role of Social Media
		Extant Research on Organized Behavior
			What Is Dormant Organizing?
			Ecological and Evolutionary Theories of Organized Behavior
		A Typology of Dormant Disaster Organizing
			Types of Dormant Disaster Organizing Exhibited by Each Group
		Practical Implications
	11 Conclusions and Future Interdisciplinary Opportunities
		Interdisciplinary Research to Help Practitioners and First Responders
			Resilience Research and Crisis Responders
			Apply Team Knowledge to Informal Crisis Teams
		Expanding beyond Media of Today and Better Understanding Message Interpretation
			Incorporate Evacuation Knowledge with Maps and Organizing
		Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Simulations
		Conclusion
About the Editor and Authors
Index