New Media and Public Diplomacy: Political Communication in India, the United States and China

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
	Theoretical Framework
	Literature Review
	About this Book
	Notes
Chapter 2: Evolving Contours of New Media: Public Diplomacy and Political Communication in the Global Context
	Digitalization of Diplomacy: Some Key Concepts
	Traditional Media and Diplomacy
		Traditional Media Remains Relevant in the New Media Environment
	Notes
Chapter 3: New Media: Global Trends in Political Communication and Diplomacy
	A Complex New Media Environment
		Elections and Online Communication
		Social Media and Nation-branding
		Political Leaders and Image-making
		Control and Engagement: Dual Use of Social Media by Less-Liberal Leaders
	Notes
Chapter 4: The US Leadership: New Media–driven Diplomacy and Political Communication Since 9/11
	Post-9/11 Terrorist Attacks: Refocus on Public Diplomacy
		New Media–driven Public Diplomacy: From Laggard to Leader
	US Online (Dis)engagement of the World
	Notes
Chapter 5: China: New Media, Public Diplomacy, and Political Communication
	Why Does the State Adopt Social Media?
		Enlarged Public Space Amidst State Control?
	The State and Digital Diplomacy
		Influencing International Public Perception: US–China Trade War and COVID-19
		Nation-Branding and Stretching Soft Power along with ‘Influence’
		Exploiting Public Opinion for Shaping Diplomacy
	Notes
Chapter 6: India’s Digital Public Diplomacy and Political Communication: The Evolution (Pre-2014)
	India’s Public Diplomacy 1.0
		Ministry of External Affairs and PD 1.0
	New Media Enlarges Public Space
		Online Experiment in Action: Mumbai Terror Attacks in 26/11
		Social Media and India Against Corruption
	Notes
Chapter 7: India’s Digital Diplomacy and Political Communication (2014 Onward)
	Brand Modi
	Prime Minister Modi, Digital Diplomacy, and Political Communication
		Soft Power and Engaging the Diaspora
		Nation Brand-branding
	Is Hard Political Communication Ignoring Soft Power?
		Has New Media Strengthened India’s Public Diplomacy and Global Image?
	Notes
Chapter 8: Disinformation, Extreme Content, and Public Response: India, the US, and China
	New Media Platforms: Achilles’ Heel
		Nationalism, Religion, and Fake News
		Circulation of Extreme Content and Fake News during Crisis
		Ordinary Citizens Posting Extreme Content
		Fake News Deliberately Circulated during Elections
	Alternate Voices, Fact-Checkers, and Government Response
	Notes
Chapter 9: Concluding Thoughts: Digital Diplomacy in the Post-COVID-19 New Normal
	The Russia–Ukraine Conflict, the Pandemic, and the Contemporary Information Landscape
		The Pandemic and a few Responses to Disinformation
		New Media-driven Diplomacy after COVID-19: Revisiting Responses by India, the US and China
	Digital Diplomacy: Pitching ‘Soft’ with ‘Hard’
	Notes
Appendix I: India’s Adoption of New Media Platforms for Public Diplomacy
References
Index