New Frontiers in Urban Analysis: In Honor of Atsuyuki Okabe

Cover Page
......Page 1
New Frontiers in Urban Analysis: In Honor of Atsuyuki Okabe......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Future Directions of Spatial Analysis......Page 10
RefeRences......Page 13
EDITORS......Page 14
CHAPTER AUTHORS......Page 15
Section I: Urban Analysis and Planning Theories......Page 18
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 22
1.2 RATIO-TYPE INDEX FOR RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT......Page 23
1.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF RATIO-TYPE INDICES......Page 24
1.5 SET OF AXIOMS AND INDICES......Page 25
1.7 SIMPLE RATIO-TYPE INDICES......Page 26
1.8 SUM-RATIO-TYPE INDICES......Page 27
1.9 SIMPLE SUM-RATIO-TYPE INDICES......Page 28
1.10 CONCLUSION: RATIO-TYPE AND SUM-RATIO-TYPE INDICES RECONSIDERED......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 30
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 31
2.2.2 Procedure......Page 32
2.3 RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION......Page 34
2.4 IMPLICATIONS......Page 37
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 44
3.2 LITERATURE REVIEW......Page 45
3.3 HIERARCHICAL TRANSPORTATION MODEL......Page 48
3.4.2 FIXED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ECONOMIES OF SCALE RELATING TO TRANSPORTATI ON VOLUME AND TRANSPORTATI ON DISTANCE......Page 52
3.4.3 GENERAL CASE......Page 54
3.5 DERIVATION OF OPTIMAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO ROUND-TRIP ROUTES......Page 57
3.6 CONCLUSION......Page 61
REFERENCES......Page 62
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 65
4.2 OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENT......Page 66
4.4 REGRESSION ANALYSES......Page 70
4.5 QUANTIFICATION OF ROUTE MEMORY LOADS......Page 71
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 78
5.3.1 CHANGES IN LAND USE......Page 79
5.3.2 ANALYSIS......Page 80
5.4.1 EXTRACTION AND SELECTION OF FACTORS CAUSNG CHANGES IN LAND USE......Page 82
5.4.2 LAND USE CHANGE MODELS BY NN......Page 83
5.4.3 ANALYSIS OF LEARNING RESULT......Page 86
5.5.2 ANALYSIS......Page 88
5.6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 90
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES......Page 91
REFERENCES......Page 92
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 96
6.2.1.1 Law Pertaining to Building Protection (1909)......Page 97
6.2.1.3 Rent Control Act (1939)......Page 98
6.2.1.5 From Rent Increase/Decrease Demand Rights to Renewal Rent Control......Page 99
6.2.2.1.2 Statutory Renewal System for Reduction of Transaction Costs......Page 100
6.2.2.2.1 The Effective Use of Resources Theory, the Modernization Legislation Theory, and the Social Policy Legislation Theory by Civil Law Researchers......Page 101
6.2.2.2.3 Intent of the Just Cause System That Became Strict Owing to Judicial Precedents......Page 102
6.2.3.1 Beginning of Legislation Theory by Economists......Page 103
6.2.3.2 Why Does the Equilibrium Volume of Rentals Decrease?......Page 104
6.2.4.1 First Best Solution: Elimination of the Just Cause System......Page 105
6.2.4.2 Second Best Solution: Revision of Renewal Rent in Line with the Market......Page 106
6.3.1.1.1 Limitation on Lease Terminations......Page 107
6.3.1.2.2 Rent Control......Page 108
6.3.1.3.2 Rent Control......Page 109
6.4 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS TO SATISFY JUST CAUSE......Page 110
6.4.1.2 Status of Proposal/Payment of Compensation Fees and Satisfaction of Just Cause......Page 111
6.4.1.3.1 Need for Own Use......Page 113
6.4.1.3.2 Need for Rebuilding......Page 114
6.4.1.3.4 Other Factors......Page 115
6.4.1.4.1 Own Use by Renters......Page 116
6.4.1.4.2 Other......Page 117
6.4.2.2.2 Probability of Successful Prediction......Page 118
6.4.2.2.4 Analysis Using Discriminant Function......Page 119
6.4.3.2 Compensation Fee in the Event That Renter’s Situation Is Not Considered......Page 121
6.4.3.3 Compensation Fees in the Event the Reason Does Not Fall under Own Use or Rebuilding Requirement, etc......Page 122
6.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR LAW REFORM......Page 123
REFERENCES......Page 124
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 126
7.2.1 GRAPH THEORETC METHOD......Page 127
7.2.3 FACTORS RELATING TO THE STRUCTURE OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION......Page 128
7.3.1 STRUCTURAL COMPARISON OF EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTIONS BY THE NUMBER OF PEAKS......Page 131
7.3.2 TYPES OF PEAK ACCORDING TO THE INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION......Page 132
7.3.3.1 Population Size......Page 134
7.3.3.2 Employment Size......Page 135
7.3.3.3 Shape Index and Separation Number......Page 136
7.3.4 CLASSIFICATION OF CITIES ACCORDING TO THE CITYWIDE INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF EMPLOYMENT......Page 137
7.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 139
NOTES......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 142
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 143
8.2.2 SURVEY QUESTIONS......Page 145
8.2.2.3 Subjective Image of Individual Department Stores......Page 146
8.2.3 BASIC SUMMARY OF RESPONDENTS’ PROFILES......Page 147
8.3.1 METHOD......Page 148
8.3.2 RESULTS......Page 149
8.4.1 BASICS OF THE RANK LOGIT MODEL......Page 154
8.4.2.3 Variables Representing Relationships between Department Store i and Individual j, Zijm......Page 156
8.5.1 MODEL DEVELOPMENT......Page 157
8.5.1.3 Random Model......Page 158
8.5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 159
8.6 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FREQUENCY OF VISITS AND THE IMAGE EVALUATION......Page 161
8.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 167
9.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 169
9.2 METHOD......Page 171
9.3.1 PAIRED COMPARISON OF THE AREA OF AN OPEN SPACE BETWEEN THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE AND LEFT-HAND SIDE......Page 173
9.3.2 ESTIMATION OF THE OPEN-SPACE RATIOS......Page 175
9.3.3 PERCEPTION MODELS OF THE AREA OF AN OPEN SPACE......Page 177
9.3.3.1 Model 1: A Subject Perceives All the Visible Area......Page 178
9.3.3.2 Model 2: A Subject Perceives an Area within a Limited Range......Page 179
9.3.3.3 Model 3: A Subject Perceives the Largest Visible Area of a Setback Space......Page 180
9.4 DISCUSSION......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 184
10.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 188
10.2.1 SPATIAL INTERPOLATION IN THE EUCLIDEAN SPACE......Page 189
10.2.2 INVERSE DISTANCE-WEIGHTED METHOD FOR A POINT INTERPOLATION ON A NETWORK......Page 190
10.2.3 INVERSE DISTANCE-WEIGHTED INTERPOLATION IN PLANAR AND NETWORK SPACES......Page 193
10.3.1 DATASETS......Page 194
10.3.2 INTERPOLATED RESULTS FROM DATA 1......Page 195
10.3.3 INTERPOLATED RESULTS FROM DATA 2......Page 196
10.3.4 INTERPOLATED RESULTS FROM DATA 2 AFTER MODIFICATION......Page 200
10.4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 203
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 204
REFERENCES......Page 205
11.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 206
11.2 METHOD......Page 207
11.2.2 QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SIMILARITY BETWEEN TESSELLATIONS......Page 208
11.2.3 VISUALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG TESSELLATIONS......Page 212
11.3.1 APPLICATION TO HYPOTHETICAL DATA......Page 213
11.3.2 APPLICATION TO A REAL DATASET......Page 215
REFERENCES......Page 220
12.1.1 STUDY AS OPTIMAL FACILITY LOCATION......Page 222
12.2 SETTING OF GA IN THE PRESENT STUDY......Page 223
12.2.2 EVALUATION FUNCTION......Page 224
12.2.3 GENETIC OPERATION......Page 225
12.3 APPLICATION TO VIRTUAL CITY......Page 226
12.3.1.1 Prerequisite......Page 228
12.3.2.1 Review of Previous Studies......Page 229
12.3.2.2 Prerequisite......Page 230
12.3.2.3 Results and Discussion......Page 231
12.3.3.1 Change of Fitness of Optimum Individual and Fitness Range......Page 232
12.3.3.2 Evolution Process of GA and Development Process of Location Plan......Page 233
12.4.1 OVERVIEW OF TARGET AREA AND PREREQUISITE......Page 235
12.4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 236
12.5 SUMMARY......Page 238
END NOTES......Page 240
REFERENCES......Page 241
13.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 244
13.2 A MODEL FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYEES ENGAGED IN PUBLIC SERVICES......Page 245
13.3 DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONNEL IN ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS WITH A SUCCESSIVELY INCLUSIVE HIERARCHY......Page 249
REFERENCES......Page 254