New Aspects of Plasma Physics: Proceedings of the 2007 ICTP Summer College on Plasma Physics

CONTENTS......Page 8
Foreword......Page 6
Nonlinear Collective Processes in Very Dense Plasmas P. K. Shukla, B. Eliasson and D. Shaikh......Page 10
1. Introduction......Page 11
2. Dark solitons and vortices in a dense quantum plasma......Page 13
3. Turbulence in quantum plasmas......Page 19
4. Interaction between intense electromagnetic waves and quantum plasma oscillations......Page 25
5. Conclusions......Page 31
References......Page 32
1. Introduction......Page 35
2. Particle dispersion and Fermi pressure......Page 36
3. Particle spin......Page 38
4. High field and short wavelength QED effects......Page 39
References......Page 42
1. Introduction......Page 44
2.1. The Schrodinger description......Page 45
2.2. The Pauli description......Page 46
3.1. Multistream model......Page 48
3.2.1. Plasmas based on the Schrodinger model......Page 50
3.2.2. Spin plasmas......Page 51
4. The magnetohydrodynamic limit......Page 53
5. Examples and applications......Page 55
5.1. Spin solitons......Page 56
5.2. Ferromagnetic plasma behaviour......Page 57
6. Conclusions and future possibilities......Page 58
References......Page 59
1. Introduction......Page 61
3. Basis of Present Revised Field Equations......Page 62
4. The Present Form of QED......Page 65
5. Steady Axisymmetric States......Page 66
5.1. The Generating Function......Page 67
5.2. Features of the Generating Function......Page 68
5.3. Quantum Conditions of Particle-shaped States......Page 69
6.1. The Form of the Generating Function......Page 70
6.2. Integrated Field Quantities at a Shrinking Characteristic Radius......Page 71
6.3. The Magnetic Flux......Page 72
6.4. The Quantum Conditions......Page 73
6.5. Variational Analysis on the Integrated Charge......Page 74
6.6. The radial Force Balance......Page 75
7. Models of the Photon......Page 76
7.2. Axisymmetric Space-charge Wave Modes......Page 78
7.3. Screw-shaped Space-charge Wave Modes......Page 84
8.1. Flat-shaped Beam Geometry......Page 86
8.2. Two Special Flat-shaped Cases......Page 88
8.3. The Plane Core Wave......Page 89
8.4. Simplified Analysis on the Spin of a Circular Beam......Page 90
9. Comments on the Momentum of the Radiation Field......Page 92
10. Conclusions......Page 93
References......Page 94
1.1. General role of the quantum methodologies......Page 96
1.2. Some important aspects of the phenomenological platform investigated by means of the quantum methodologies......Page 98
1.3. Impacts of the quantum methodologies in nonlinear physics......Page 100
2.1. Hydrodynamical description of quantum mechanics......Page 104
2.2. Applications to soliton theory......Page 105
2.2.1. Case of K0 = 0.......Page 109
2.2.2. Case of  K0  0......Page 114
2.3.1. The NLSE governing the longitudinal dynamics of a charged particle beam including nonlocal effects in the framework of TWM.......Page 115
2.3.2. MI analysis of a monochromatic coasting beam......Page 117
2.3.3. MI analysis of a non-monochromatic coasting......Page 121
3. Wave Kinetics and Moyal-Ville-Wigner picture......Page 123
3.2. Landau-type damping in charged-particle beam dynamics......Page 124
3.2.1. Case of a k << 1......Page 126
3.2.2. Case of arbitray ak......Page 127
3.3. Landau-type damping of partially-incoherent Langmuir wave envelopes......Page 128
4. Related tools: marginal distributions for tomographic representat ions......Page 133
4.0.2. Soliton envelopes in tomographic representation......Page 134
References......Page 137
1. Introduction......Page 142
2. Laser cooling forces......Page 143
3. Wave kinetic description......Page 145
4. Hybrid modes......Page 148
5. Atomic Landau damping......Page 152
6. Ambipolar expansion of a Rydberg plasma......Page 154
7. Conclusions......Page 159
References......Page 160
1. Introduction......Page 161
2. The foil geometry......Page 163
3.1. Frictionless solutions......Page 164
3.1.2. Lie symmetries......Page 165
4. Three dimensional frictional solutions; equations remain nonlinear in Lagrange variables......Page 167
5. Conclusions......Page 169
References......Page 170
1. Introduction......Page 171
2.1. The Radiation Pressure Dominant Acceleration Regime......Page 172
3. Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities......Page 173
3.1. Radiation Pressure Acceleration of a Thin foil Mirror......Page 174
3.1.1. One dimensional acceleration and the phase variable......Page 175
3.1.2. The instability of the accelerated foil in the relativistic regime......Page 176
3.2. Stabilization with tailored EM pulses......Page 177
4. Particle in Cell Simulations......Page 178
References......Page 181
Generation of Galactic Seed Magnetic Fields H. Saleem......Page 183
1. Introduction......Page 184
2. Mathematical model......Page 188
3. Comments on MHD and HMHD scales......Page 192
4. Seed magnetic field and flow......Page 195
5. Applications......Page 196
6. Discussion......Page 200
References......Page 202
Nonlinear Dynamics of Mirror Waves in Non-Maxwellian Plasmas O. A . Pokhotelov et al.......Page 204
1. Introduction......Page 205
2. Plasma Pressure Balance Condition......Page 207
3. FLR Effect......Page 209
4. MI with FLR Effect......Page 210
5. MI Nonlinear Equation......Page 214
6. Particle Trapping. Collapse Break-up......Page 221
7. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 225
Acknowledgments......Page 226
References......Page 227
1. Introduction......Page 230
2. Reductive perturbative expansion near threshold......Page 232
3. Saturation of the mirror instability......Page 236
4. Conclusion......Page 238
References......Page 239
1. Introduction......Page 241
2. Linear properties......Page 243
3. Ponderomotive force and plasma density modification......Page 248
4. Modulated circularly polarized dispersive Alfven waves......Page 249
5. Nonlinear interactions between DAWs......Page 250
6. Generation of Zonal Flows by Kinetic Alfven Waves......Page 252
7. The electron Joule heating by high-frequency DAWs......Page 256
8. Ion heating by magnetic field-aligned EMICA waves......Page 258
9. Discussion and conclusion......Page 261
References......Page 262
Properties of Drift and Alfven Waves in Collisional Plasmas J. Vranjes, S. Poedts and B. P. Pandey......Page 265
1. Introduction......Page 266
2.1. Equations......Page 269
2.2. Dispersion equation......Page 271
2.3. Eigen-modes......Page 275
2.4. Cold ion case......Page 276
2.5. The hot ion case......Page 277
3. Inelastic collisions and the drift wave......Page 279
3.1. Source and sink terms......Page 281
3.2.1. Boltzmannian electrons.......Page 284
3.2.2. Non-Boltzmannian electrons.......Page 285
4. Alfven waves in weakly ionized plasma......Page 286
5. Conclusions......Page 290
References......Page 292
Current Driven Acoustic Perturbations in Partially Ionized Collisional Plasmas J. Vranjes, S. Poedts, M. Y. Tanaka and B. P. Pandey......Page 294
1. Introduction......Page 295
2. Basic equations and model......Page 297
3. Dispersion equation......Page 298
4. Landau damping in fluid modeling......Page 302
5. Inhomogeneous electron flow......Page 306
6. Two ion species......Page 307
7. Electron-ion collisions and dynamics of neutrals......Page 311
7.2. The dynamics of neutrals......Page 313
7.3. Electromagnetic perturbations......Page 316
8. Perpendicular electron drift......Page 318
9. Conclusions......Page 321
References......Page 323
1. Introduction......Page 325
2. Multifluid plasma model and basic equations......Page 327
3.1.1. Motivation and linear dispersion......Page 328
3.1.2. Coordinate stretching and variable scaling......Page 330
3.1.3. Generic nonlinear modes: KdV equation......Page 332
3.1.4. Nonlinear modes at critical densities: mKdV equation......Page 333
3.2. Dust-acoustic solitons......Page 334
4.1.1. McKenzie approach and Bernoulli integrals......Page 336
4.1.2. Global structure equation......Page 340
4.1.3. Existence conditions for solitary waves......Page 341
4.2.1. Magnetospheric electron-acoustic modes......Page 343
4.2.2. Revisiting large-amplitude electron-acoustic modes......Page 344
4.2.3. Results and discussion......Page 345
5.1. General invariants for electromagnetic modes......Page 349
5.2.1. Motivation and linear waves......Page 351
5.2.2. Nonlinear modes and charge neutrality......Page 353
5.2.3. Pseudoenergy integral......Page 354
5.2.4. Large amplitude solitons......Page 355
5.2.5. Weakly nonlinear solitons......Page 358
6. Conclusions......Page 360
References......Page 361
1. Introduction......Page 364
2. A two-fluid model for ES wavepackets in pair plasmas......Page 366
3. Linear electrostatic wave dispersion properties......Page 367
4. Multiple scales theory for modulated ES wavepackets......Page 368
5. Modulational instability & localized envelope excitations......Page 369
6. A two-fluid model for EM wavepackets in pair plasmas......Page 372
7. Linear EM waves in three-component pair plasmas......Page 373
8. Nonlinear EM harmonic modes......Page 377
9. Summary and conclusions......Page 380
References......Page 382
1. Introduction......Page 383
2. Static Dust: DIA Solitary Waves......Page 385
2.1. Effect of Negative Ions......Page 388
2.2. Nonplanar Geometry......Page 390
2.3. Dust Charge Fluctuation......Page 391
3. Mobile Dust: DA Solitary Waves......Page 392
3.1. Trapped Ion Distribution......Page 395
3.2. Nonthemal Ion distribution......Page 397
3.3. Effects of Positive Dust......Page 398
4. Discussion......Page 400
References......Page 401
Physics of Dust in Magnetic Fusion Devices Z. Wang et al.......Page 403
1. Introduction......Page 404
2. Dust production and removal in fusion devices......Page 413
2.1. Sputtering, melting, evaporation and sublimation......Page 414
2.2. Nucleation......Page 416
2.2.1. Homogenous nucleation......Page 418
2.2.2. Heterogeneous nucleation......Page 420
2.3. Redeposition, condensation, and coagulation......Page 421
3. Experimental observation, diagnostic, and analysis of dust in fusion devices.......Page 424
3.2. Size distribution and composition......Page 426
3.3. Dust production rate......Page 428
3.4.1. Camera. observations of dust an plasmas......Page 429
3.4.2. Laser scattering techniques......Page 430
3.4.3. In-situ measurement of dust on PFC surfaces......Page 434
4.1. Charging......Page 437
4.2. Heating and ablation......Page 441
4.3. Forces......Page 444
4.4. Dust spin......Page 447
4.5. Application of the PIC method t o simulate dust-plasma interaction......Page 449
4.5.1. Direct simulation with the Particle-In-Cell method......Page 450
4.5.2. Adaption strategies......Page 452
4.5.3. Particle adaptation......Page 453
4.6. Examples of dust particle charging......Page 455
5.1. Electromagnetic acceleration of dust cloud......Page 457
5.2. Key ingredients of numerical study of dust transport in fusion devices......Page 460
5.3. Computer codes for studying dust dynamics and transport in fusion devices......Page 462
5.4. Comuter simulations of the motion of individual dust grains in tokamaks......Page 463
5.5. Statistics of dust in fusion plasmas and impact of dust on plasma performance......Page 466
5.6. Experiments on dust motion relevant to fusion......Page 469
6. Summary......Page 474
References......Page 477
1. Introduction......Page 485
2. Review of the Kinetic Ballooning Mode (KBM)......Page 488
3. Local analysis......Page 490
4. NonIocal analysis......Page 492
5. Conclusions......Page 495
References......Page 496
1. Introduction......Page 497
2. Experimental setup......Page 498
3.1. Generation and control of ion flow velocity shears......Page 500
3.2. Parallel shear driven low-frequency instabilities......Page 502
3.3. Superposition of perpendicular and parallel shears......Page 503
3.4. Introduction of hybrid ions......Page 507
4. Conclusions......Page 509
References......Page 510