Neurointerventional Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach

Neurointerventional Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Contributors
1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine
Section I Hemorrhagic Stroke
	2 Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms
		2.1 Goals
		2.2 Case Example
			2.2.1 History of Present Illness
			2.2.2 Treatment Plan
			2.2.3 Follow-up
		2.3 Case Summary
		2.4 Level of Evidence
		2.5 Landmark Papers
		2.6 Recommendations
		2.7 Summary
	3 Treatment of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms
		3.1 Goals
		3.2 Case Example
			3.2.1 History of Present Illness
			3.2.2 Treatment Plan
			3.2.3 Follow-up
		3.3 Case Summary
		3.4 Level of Evidence
		3.5 Landmark Papers
		3.6 Recommendations
		3.7 Future Directions
		3.8 Summary
	4 Mycotic Aneurysms: Incidence, Natural History, and Treatment Strategies
		4.1 Goals
		4.2 Case Example
			4.2.1 History of Present Illness
			4.2.2 Treatment Plan
			4.2.3 Follow-up
		4.3 Case Summary
		4.4 Level of Evidence
		4.5 Landmark Papers
		4.6 Recommendations
		4.7 Summary
	5 Traumatic Brain Aneurysms
		5.1 Goals
		5.2 Case Example
			5.2.1 History of Present Illness
			5.2.2 Treatment Plan
			5.2.3 Follow-up
		5.3 Case Summary
		5.4 Landmark Papers
		5.5 Recommendations
		5.6 Summary
	6 Cerebral Vasospasm
		6.1 Goals
		6.2 Case Example
			6.2.1 History of Present Illness
			6.2.2 Treatment Plan
			6.2.3 Follow-up
		6.3 Case Summary
		6.4 Level of Evidence
		6.5 Landmark Papers
		6.6 Recommendations
		6.7 Summary
	7 Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
		7.1 Goals
		7.2 Case Example
			7.2.1 History of Present Illness
			7.2.2 Treatment Plan
			7.2.3 Hospital Course
		7.3 Case Summary
		7.4 Level of Evidence
		7.5 Landmark Papers
		7.6 Recommendations
		7.7 Summary
	8 Unruptured Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
		8.1 Goals
		8.2 Case Example
			8.2.1 History of Present Illness
			8.2.2 Treatment Plan
			8.2.3 Follow-up
		8.3 Case Summary
		8.4 Level of Evidence
		8.5 Hemorrhage Risk in Unruptured AVMs
			8.5.1 Natural History
			8.5.2 Predictors of Hemorrhage
		8.6 Management: Conservative versus Intervention
		8.7 Recommendations and Treatment Modalities
			8.7.1 Microsurgical Resection
			8.7.2 Endovascular Management
			8.7.3 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		8.8 Summary
	9 Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas
		9.1 Goals
		9.2 Case Example
			9.2.1 History of Present Illness
			9.2.2 Treatment Plan
			9.2.3 Follow-up
		9.3 Case Summary
		9.4 Level of Evidence
		9.5 Landmark Papers
		9.6 Recommendations
		9.7 Summary
	10 Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
		10.1 Goals
		10.2 Case Example
			10.2.1 History of Present Illness
			10.2.2 Treatment Plan
			10.2.3 Follow-up
		10.3 Case Summary
		10.4 Level of Evidence
		10.5 Landmark Papers
		10.6 Recommendations
		10.7 Summary
	11 Vein of Galen Malformations
		11.1 Goals
		11.2 Case Example
			11.2.1 History of Present Illness
			11.2.2 Treatment Plan
			11.2.3 Follow-up
		11.3 Case Summary
		11.4 Level of Evidence
		11.5 Landmark Papers
		11.6 Recommendations
			11.6.1 Management by Age
		11.7 Summary
Section II Ischemic Stroke
	12 Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
		12.1 Goals
		12.2 Case Example
			12.2.1 History of Present Illness
			12.2.2 Treatment Plan
			12.2.3 Follow-up
		12.3 Case Summary
		12.4 Level of Evidence
		12.5 Landmark Papers
		12.6 Recommendations
		12.7 Summary
	13 Intracranial Atherosclerosis
		13.1 Goals
		13.2 Case Example
			13.2.1 History of Present Illness
			13.2.2 Treatment Plan
			13.2.3 Follow-up
		13.3 Case Summary
		13.4 Level of Evidence
		13.5 Landmark Papers
		13.6 Recommendations
		13.7 Summary
	14 Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
		14.1 Goals
		14.2 Case Example
			14.2.1 History of Present Illness
			14.2.2 Treatment Plan
			14.2.3 Follow-up
		14.3 Case Summary
		14.4 Level of Evidence
		14.5 Landmark Papers
		14.6 Recommendations
		14.7 Summary
	15 Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
		15.1 Goals
		15.2 Case Example
			15.2.1 History of Present Illness
			15.2.2 Treatment Plan
			15.2.3 Follow-up
		15.3 Case Summary
		15.4 Level of Evidence
		15.5 Landmark Papers
			15.5.1 Natural History
			15.5.2 Endarterectomy versus Medical Therapy
			15.5.3 Endarterectomy versus Angioplasty and Stenting
		15.6 Recommendations
		15.7 Summary
	16 Carotid Dissection
		16.1 Goals
		16.2 Case Examples
			16.2.1 Case 1
			16.2.2 Case 2
		16.3 Level of Evidence and Recommendations
			16.3.1 Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection
			16.3.2 Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury
		16.4 Landmark Papers
		16.5 Summary
	17 Vertebral Artery Origin Stenosis
		17.1 Goals
		17.2 Case Example
			17.2.1 History of Present Illness
			17.2.2 Treatment Plan
			17.2.3 Follow-up
		17.3 Case Summary
		17.4 Level of Evidence
		17.5 Landmark Papers
		17.6 Recommendations
		17.7 Summary
	18 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
		18.1 Goals
		18.2 Case Example
			18.2.1 History of Present Illness
			18.2.2 Treatment Plan
			18.2.3 Follow-up
		18.3 Case Summary
		18.4 Level of Evidence
			18.4.1 Patient Characteristics
			18.4.2 Work-up
			18.4.3 Treatment
			18.4.4 Follow-up
		18.5 Landmark Papers
		18.6 Recommendations
		18.7 Summary
Section III Neurointerventional Oncology
	19 Meningioma Embolization
		19.1 Goals
		19.2 Case Example
			19.2.1 History of Present Illness
			19.2.2 Treatment Plan
			19.2.3 Follow-up
		19.3 Case Summary
		19.4 Level of Evidence
		19.5 Landmark Papers
		19.6 Recommendations
		19.7 Summary
	20 Paraganglioma Embolization
		20.1 Goals
		20.2 Case Example
			20.2.1 History of Present Illness
			20.2.2 Treatment Plan
			20.2.3 Follow-up
		20.3 Case Summary
		20.4 Level of Evidence
		20.5 Landmark Papers
		20.6 Recommendations
		20.7 Summary
	21 Retinoblastoma
		21.1 Goals
		21.2 Case Example
			21.2.1 History
			21.2.2 Clinical Course
		21.3 Case Summary
		21.4 Recommendations
			21.4.1 Endovascular Technique
			21.4.2 Medications
			21.4.3 Advantages
			21.4.4 Limitations
			21.4.5 Adverse Effects
		21.5 Landmark Papers
		21.6 Summary
		21.7 Conclusion
	22 Intra-arterial Chemotherapy
		22.1 Goals
		22.2 Case Example
			22.2.1 History of Present Illness
			22.2.2 Treatment Plan
			22.2.3 Follow-up
		22.3 Case Summary
			22.3.1 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland
			22.3.2 Intracranial Gliomas
			22.3.3 Primary CNS Lymphoma
			22.3.4 Intracranial Metastases
			22.3.5 Squamous Cell of the Head and Neck
		22.4 Level of Evidence
		22.5 Landmark Papers
		22.6 Recommendations
		22.7 Summary
	23 Spinal Metastases Embolization
		23.1 Goals
		23.2 Case Example
			23.2.1 History of Present Illness
			23.2.2 Treatment Plan
			23.2.3 Follow-up
		23.3 Case Summary
		23.4 Level of Evidence
		23.5 Landmark Papers
		23.6 Recommendations
		23.7 Summary
Section IV Miscellaneous
	24 Balloon Test Occlusions
		24.1 Goals
		24.2 Case Example 1
			24.2.1 History of Present Illness
			24.2.2 Treatment Plan
			24.2.3 Follow-up
		24.3 Case Example 2
			24.3.1 History of Present Illness
			24.3.2 Treatment Plan
			24.3.3 Follow-up
		24.4 Case Example 3
			24.4.1 History of Present Illness
			24.4.2 Treatment Plan
			24.4.3 Follow-up
		24.5 Level of Evidence
		24.6 Case Summaries
		24.7 Landmark Papers
		24.8 Recommendations
		24.9 Summary
	25 Wada and Selective Wada Tests
		25.1 Goals
		25.2 Case Example
			25.2.1 History of Present Illness
			25.2.2 Treatment Plan
			25.2.3 Follow-up
		25.3 Case Summary
		25.4 Level of Evidence
		25.5 Landmark Papers
			25.5.1 Original Wada Papers
		25.6 Recommendations
		25.7 Summary
	26 Venous Sinus Stenting for Intracranial Hypertension
		26.1 Goals
		26.2 Case Example
			26.2.1 History of Present Illness
			26.2.2 Treatment Plan
			26.2.3 Follow-up
		26.3 Case Summary
		26.4 Level of Evidence
		26.5 Landmark Papers
		26.6 Recommendations
		26.7 Summary
	27 Epistaxis
		27.1 Goal
		27.2 Case Example
			27.2.1 History of Present Illness
			27.2.2 Treatment
			27.2.3 Follow-up
		27.3 Case Summary
		27.4 Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence
			27.4.1 Indications for Embolization
			27.4.2 Embolization versus Surgical Ligation
			27.4.3 Embolization Technique
			27.4.4 Embolization Target
			27.4.5 Treatment Risks
			27.4.6 Cost-Effectiveness
		27.5 Landmark Papers
		27.6 Recommendations
		27.7 Summary
	28 Venolymphatic Malformations of the Head and Neck
		28.1 Goals
		28.2 Case Examples
			28.2.1 Case Example 1
			28.2.2 Case Example 2
		28.3 Case Summary
		28.4 Level of Evidence
		28.5 Landmark Papers
		28.6 Recommendations
		28.7 Summary
	29 Chronic Subdural Hematoma Embolization
		29.1 Goals
		29.2 Case Example
			29.2.1 History of Present Illness
			29.2.2 Treatment Plan
			29.2.3 Follow-up
		29.3 Case Summary
		29.4 Level of Evidence
		29.5 Landmark Papers
		29.6 Recommendations
		29.7 Summary
Section V Spine Interventions
	30 Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas and Malformations
		30.1 Goals
		30.2 Case Example
			30.2.1 History of Present Illness
			30.2.2 Treatment Plan and Follow-up
		30.3 Case Summary
			30.3.1 Introduction
			30.3.2 History
			30.3.3 Incidence
			30.3.4 Anatomy
			30.3.5 Diagnos is Clinical Presentation
			30.3.6 Treatment
			30.3.7 Classification Systems
		30.4 Level of Evidence
		30.5 Landmark Papers
		30.6 Summary
	31 Vertebro/Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Fractures
		31.1 Goals
		31.2 Case Example
			31.2.1 History of Present Illness
			31.2.2 Treatment Plan
			31.2.3 Follow-up
		31.3 Case Summary
		31.4 Level of Evidence
		31.5 Landmark Papers
		31.6 Recommendations
		31.7 Summary
	32 Vertebro/Kyphoplasty for Metastatic Spine Fractures
		32.1 Goals
		32.2 Case Example
			32.2.1 History of Present Illness
			32.2.2 Treatment Plan
			32.2.3 Follow-up
		32.3 Case Summary
		32.4 Level of Evidence
		32.5 Landmark Papers
		32.6 Recommendations
		32.7 Summary
Index