Network Programming in Python : The Basic, A Detailed Guide to Python 3 Network Programming and Management

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Author
About the Reviewer
Acknowledgements
Preface
Errata
Table of Contents
1. Client-Server Networking: An Overview
	Structure
	Objective
	The Foundation: Stacks and Libraries
	Layers of Application
	Talking a protocol
	A Network Conversation in its Natural State
	Turtles, Turtles, Turtles
	The process of encoding and decoding
	The Internet Protocol (IP)
	Internet Protocol (IP Addresses)
	Routing
	Fragmentation of packets
	Learning More About internet protocol
	Conclusion
2. UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
	Structure
	Objective
	Numbers of particular service on the particular system.
	Communications connection point (Socket)
	Clients who are promiscuous and unwelcome responses
	Backoff, blocking, and timeouts are all examples of unreliability.
	UDP Socket Connection
	The Use of Request IDs Is a Good Idea
	From Binding till Interfaces
	Fragmentation of UDP
	Options for Sockets
	Broadcast
	When Should We Use UDP?
	Conclusion
3. Transmission control protocol (TCP)
	Structure
	Objective
	How transmission control protocol works
	When to use transmission control protocol
	TCP Sockets Mean?
	TCP Client and Server
	Each conversation one socket.
	Address that is in use.
	From Binding to Interfaces
	Deadlock
	Half-Open Connections, Closed Connections
	TCP Streams as Files
	Conclusion
4. Domain name system & socket names
	Structure
	Objective
	Sockets and Hostnames
	Five Socket Coordinates
	IPv6
	Modern Address Resolution
	Bind Your Server to a Port Using getaddrinfo()
	To connect to a service, use getaddrinfo().
	Getting a Canonical Hostname with getaddrinfo()
	Other getaddrinfo() Flags
	Primitive Name Service Routines
	In Your Own Code, Use getsockaddr()
	DNS Protocol
	Why Shouldn’t Use Raw DNS?
	Using Python to do a DNS query
	Getting Mail Domains Resolved
	Conclusion.
5. Data and Errors on the Internet
	Structure
	Objectives
	Strings and Bytes
	Character Strings
	Network Byte Order and Binary Numbers
	Quoting and framing
	Pickles and Self-delimiting Formats
	JSON And XML
	Compression
	Exceptions in the Network
	Raising More Specific Exceptions
	Network Exceptions: Detecting and Reporting
	Conclusion
6. SSL/TLS
	Structure
	Objectives
	What TLS Fails to Secure
	What Is the Worst That Could Happen?
	Producing Certificates
	TLS Offloading
	Default Contexts in Python 3.4
	Wrapping Sockets in Different Ways
	Ciphers chosen by hand and perfect forward security
	Support for TLS Protocol
	Details of Studying
	Conclusion
7. Architecture of the Server
	Structure
	Objectives
	A Few Remarks on Deployment
	A Basic Protocol
	A single-threaded server.
	Multiprocess and Threaded Servers
	The SocketServer Framework of the Past
	Async Servers
	Callback-Style asyncio
	Coroutine-Style asyncio
	The asyncore Legacy Module
	The Best of Both Worlds
	Under the Influence of inetd
	Conclusion
8. Message Queues and Caches
	Structure
	Objectives
	Using Memcached (memory caching)
	Hashing and Sharding
	Message Queues
	Using Python’s Message Queues
	Conclusion
9. HTTP Clients
	Structure
	Objectives
	Python Client Libraries
	Framing, Encryption, and Ports
	Methods
	Hosts and Paths
	Status Codes
	Validation and Caching
	Encoding of Content
	Negotiation of Content
	Type of Content
	Authentication over HTTP
	Cookies
	Keep-Alive, Connections, and httplib
	Conclusion
10. Servers that handle HTTP
	Structure
	Objectives
	Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI)
	Server-Frameworks that are asynchronous
	Proxies (Forward and Reverse)
	four architecture style.
	Python on Apache
	Pure-Python HTTP Servers on the Rise
	The Advantages of Reverse Proxies
	Platforms as a Service (PaaS)
	The REST Question and GET and POST Patterns
	Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI )Without a Framework
	Conclusion
11. www (world wide web)
	Structure
	Objectives
	URLs and hypermedia
	Creating and Parsing URLs
	URLs that are relative
	HTML(Hypertext Markup language )
	Using a Database to Read and Write
	A Horrible Internet Program (in Flask)
	The HTTP Methods and Forms Of Dance
	When Forms Use Inappropriate Methods
	Cookies that are safe and those that are not
	Cross-Site Scripting that isn’t persistent
	Cross-Site Scripting that Remains Persistent
	Forgery of Cross-Site Requests
	The Enhanced Software
	Django’s Payments Application
	Choosing a Framework for a Website
	WebSockets
	Scraping the Internet
	Obtaining Pages
	Pages for Scraping
	Recursive Scraping
	Conclusion
12. E-mail Construction And Parsing
	Structure
	Objectives
	Format of an Email Message
	Putting Together an E-Mail Message
	HTML and Multimedia Enhancement
	Content Creation
	E-mail Message Parsing
	MIME Parts on the Move
	Encodings for Headers
	Dates Parsing
	Conclusion
13. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP)
	Structure
	Objectives
	Webmail Services vs. E-mail Clients
	The Command Line Was the Beginning
	Clients are on the rise
	The Transition to Webmail
	SMTP’s Functions
	E-mail transmission
	The Envelope Recipient and the Headers
	Several Hops
	The SMTP Library is an introduction to the SMTP protocol
	Error Handling and Debugging Conversations
	Using EHLO to Gather Information
	Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
	SMTP authentication
	SMTP Pointers
	Conclusion
14. Post Office Protocol(POP)
	Structure
	Objectives
	Compatibility of POP Servers
	Authenticating and connecting
	Getting Access to Mailbox Information
	Messages are downloaded and deleted.
	Conclusion
15. Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
	Structure
	Objectives
	IMAP in Python: An Overview
	IMAPClient
	Folder Inspection
	UIDs vs. Message Numbers
	Message Intervals
	Information in Brief
	Obtaining a Complete Mailbox
	Individual Message Downloading
	Messages Can Be Flagged and Deleted
	Messages Can Be Deleted
	Searching
	Folders and Messages Manipulation
	Asynchrony
	Conclusion
16. SSH and Telnet
	Structure
	Objectives
	Automation using the command line
	Expansion of the Command Line and Quoting
	Arguments to Unix commands can contain (almost) any character.
	Characters I’ve Quoted for Protection
	Windows’ Horrible Command Line
	In a terminal, things are different.
	Terminals are responsible for buffering
	Telnet
	SSH: The Secure Shell
	SSH: A Quick Overview
	Host Keys for SSH
	Authentication with SSH
	Individual Commands and Shell Sessions
	SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)
	Additional Features
	Conclusion
17. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
	Structure
	Objectives
	What to Do If You Can’t Use FTP
	Channels of Communication
	In Python, how to use FTP
	Binary and ASCII Files
	Binary Downloading (Advanced)
	Data Uploading
	Uploading Binary Data in an Advanced Way
	Error Handling
	Searching via directories
	Detecting Directories and Downloading in Recursive Mode
	Creating and deleting directories
	Using FTP in a Secure Manner
	Conclusion
18. Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
	Structure
	Objectives
	RPC’s characteristics
	XML-RPC
	JSON-RPC
	Data that Documents Itself
	Talking About Objects: Pyro and RPyC
	An RPyC Example
	Message Queues, RPC, and Web Frameworks
	Errors in the Network: How to Recover
	Conclusion