Netter's Essential Histology With Correlated Histopathology (), 3E

Netter's Essential Histology
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Frank H. Netter, MD
Table Of Contents
I: Cells and Tissues
	1 The Cell
		1.1 Overview
		1.2 Microscopes and Techniques
		1.3 Different Appearances of Cells According to Technique
		1.4 Ultrastructure and Function of Cell Membranes
		1.5 Intercellular Junctions: Ultrastructure and Function of Tight Junctions
		1.6 Intercellular Junctions: Ultrastructure and Function of Anchoring Junctions
		1.7 Intercellular Junctions: Ultrastructure and Function of Gap Junctions
		1.8 Ultrastructure and Function of the Nucleus and Nucleolus
		1.9 Ultrastructure and Function of the Nucleus: Chromatin and Matrix
		1.10 Ultrastructure and Function of the Nuclear Envelope
		1.11 Ultrastructure and Function of Mitochondria
		1.12 Ultrastructure and Function of Mitochondrial Cristae and Matrix
		1.13 Ultrastructure and Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
		1.14 Ultrastructure and Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
		1.15 Ultrastructure and Function of Ribosomes
		1.16 Ultrastructure of the Golgi Complex
		1.17 Functions of the Golgi Complex
		1.18 Ultrastructure and Function of Lysosomes
		1.19 Ultrastructure and Function of Peroxisomes
		1.20 Ultrastructure and Function of Inclusions: Glycogen
		1.21 Ultrastructure and Function of Inclusions: Lipid Droplets
		1.22 Ultrastructure and Function of Cytoplasmic Vesicles: Endocytosis, Transcytosis, and Exocytosis
		1.23 Ultrastructure and Function of Microtubules
		1.24 Ultrastructure and Function of Cytoplasmic Filaments
		1.25 Ultrastructure and Function of the Centrosome and Centrioles
		1.26 The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Other Cellular Processes
		1.27 Specializations of the Cell Surface: Cilia and Basal Bodies
		1.28 Histopathology and Disease
		1.29 Pathology of the Cell
2 Epithelium and Exocrine Glands
	2.1 Overview
	2.2 Structure and Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium
	2.3 Ultrastructure and Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium
	2.4 Structure and Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
	2.5 Structure and Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium
	2.6 Structure and Function of Pseudostratified Epithelium
	2.7 Structure and Function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
	2.8 Ultrastructure and Function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
	2.9 Structure and Function of Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar Epithelia
	2.10 Structure and Function of Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium)
	2.11 Ultrastructure and Function of the Urothelium
	2.12 Structure and Function of Basement Membranes
	2.13 Overview of Exocrine Glands
	2.14 Structure and Function of Serous Cells
	2.15 Ultrastructure and Function of Serous Cells
	2.16 Structure and Function of Mucous Cells
	2.17 Structure and Histology of Resting Mammary Glands
	2.18 Histology and Function of Lactating (Active) Mammary Glands
	2.19 Ultrastructure and Function of Mammary Gland Alveoli
	2.20 Histology of Atrophic Mammary Glands
	2.21 Ultrastructure of Mammary Gland Ducts
	2.22 Pathology of Epithelium and Exocrine Glands
3 Connective Tissue
	3.1 Overview
	3.2 Classification of Connective Tissue Proper
	3.3 Structure and Function of Mesenchymal Cells
	3.4 Structure and Function of Fibroblasts
	3.5 Ultrastructure and Function of Fibroblasts
	3.6 Synthesis of Collagen
	3.7 Types of Collagen and Its Ultrastructure
	3.8 Histology of Elastic Connective Tissue
	3.9 Histology of Reticular Connective Tissue
	3.10 Histology and Function of Mast Cells
	3.11 Ultrastructure and Function of Mast Cells
	3.12 Histology and Function of Plasma Cells
	3.13 Ultrastructure of Plasma Cells
	3.14 Structure and Function of Macrophages
	3.15 Ultrastructure and Function of Macrophages
	3.16 Histology of Adipose Tissue
	3.17 Ultrastructure and Function of Unilocular Adipocytes in White Fat
	3.18 Ultrastructure and Function of Multilocular Adipocytes in Brown Fat
	3.19 Histology of Tendons and Ligaments
	3.20 Pathology of Connective Tissue
4 Muscle Tissue
	4.1 Overview
	4.2 Embryonic Development of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
	4.3 Organization of Skeletal Muscle
	4.4 Major Components of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
	4.5 Histology and Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Longitudinal Section
	4.6 Histology and Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Transverse Section
	4.7 Ultrastructure of the Sarcotubular System in Skeletal Muscle
	4.8 The Sarcomere and Myofilaments in Contraction
	4.9 Ultrastructure of Skeletal Myofilaments in Transverse Section
	4.10 Intrinsic Blood Supply of Skeletal Muscle
	4.11 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
	4.12 Histochemistry and Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
	4.13 High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy of Skeletal Muscle
	4.14 Histology and Ultrastructure of the Muscle-Tendon Junction
	4.15 Structure and Function of Satellite Cells
	4.16 Organization of Neuromuscular Junctions
	4.17 Ultrastructure of Neuromuscular Junctions
	4.18 Histology of Cardiac Muscle
	4.19 Ultrastructural Components of Cardiac Muscle
	4.20 Ultrastructure of Cardiac Muscle in Longitudinal Section
	4.21 Ultrastructure of Cardiac Muscle in Transverse Section
	4.22 Ultrastructure of Intercalated Discs
	4.23 Ultrastructure of Atrial Myocytes
	4.24 Histology of Purkinje Fibers
	4.25 Ultrastructure of Purkinje Fibers
	4.26 Histology of Smooth Muscle
	4.27 Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle
	4.28 Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle in Transverse Section
	4.29 Innervation of Smooth Muscle
	4.30 Pathology of Muscle Tissue
5 Nervous Tissue
	5.1 Overview
	5.2 Embryonic Development
	5.3 Structure and Function of the Meninges
	5.4 Neurocytology: Cytoarchitecture
	5.5 Neurocytology: Staining Methods
	5.6 Structure of a Neuron
	5.7 Ultrastructure of a Neuron in Gray Matter in Relation to Surrounding Structures
	5.8 Ultrastructure of a Spinal Cord Neuron Soma
	5.9 Types of Synapses
	5.10 Ultrastructure of Synapses
	5.11 Structure and Function of Glial Cells
	5.12 Structure and Function of Astrocytes
	5.13 Structure and Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier
	5.14 Ultrastructure of the Blood-Brain Barrier
	5.15 Myelination of Axons in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
	5.16 Oligodendrocytes and Myelination in the Central Nervous System
	5.17 Structure and Function of the Ependyma
	5.18 Structure and Function of the Choroid Plexus
	5.19 Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebral Cortex
	5.20 Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebellum
	5.21 Histology and Ultrastructure of the Cerebellum
	5.22 Anatomy and Histology of the Spinal Cord
	5.23 Histology of Peripheral Nerves
	5.24 Ultrastructure of Myelinated and Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System
	5.25 Ultrastructure of Myelinated Nerve Fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System
	5.26 Nerve Fibers in Longitudinal Section and Nodes of Ranvier in the Peripheral Nervous System
	5.27 Histology of Peripheral Autonomic Ganglia
	5.28 Histology and Ultrastructure of Peripheral Ganglia
	5.29 Ultrastructure and Function of the Perineurium
	5.30 Pathology of Nervous Tissue
6 Cartilage and Bone
	6.1 Overview
	6.2 Structure of Cartilage
	6.3 Histology of Hyaline Cartilage
	6.4 Composition of Hyaline Cartilage Matrix
	6.5 Histology of Fibrocartilage
	6.6 Histology of Elastic Cartilage
	6.7 Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes
	6.8 Overview of Bone Formation (Osteogenesis)
	6.9 Intramembranous Bone Formation
	6.10 Endochondral Bone Formation
	6.11 Structure and Function of Growth Plates
	6.12 Histology of the Growth Plate and the Metaphysis
	6.13 Histology of Trabecular Bone Deposition and Resorption
	6.14 Histology and Function of the Cells of Trabecular Bone
	6.15 Microarchitecture of Compact Bone
	6.16 Histology and Function of Spongy and Compact Bone
	6.17 Structure and Function of the Periosteum
	6.18 Formation and Composition of Collagen
	6.19 Ultrastructure of Osteoblasts
	6.20 Ultrastructure of Osteocytes
	6.21 Ultrastructure and Function of Osteoclasts
	6.22 Bone Fracture Repair: Early Events
	6.23 Bone Fracture Repair: Intermediate and Late Events
	6.24 Histology of Synovial Joints
	6.25 Histology and Function of the Synovium
	6.26 Pathology of Bone
7 Blood and Bone Marrow
	7.1 Overview
	7.2 Formed Elements of Blood
	7.3 Ultrastructure and Function of Erythrocytes
	7.4 Structure and Function of Neutrophils
	7.5 Structure and Function of Eosinophils
	7.6 Structure and Function of Basophils
	7.7 Structure and Function of Lymphocytes
	7.8 Structure and Function of Monocytes
	7.9 Structure and Function of Platelets
	7.10 Histology of Bone Marrow
	7.11 Methods of Studying Bone Marrow
	7.12 Hematopoiesis
	7.13 Erythropoiesis
	7.14 Granulocytopoiesis
	7.15 Monocytopoiesis, Lymphocytopoiesis, and Thrombocytopoiesis
	7.16 Pathology of Blood and Bone Marrow
II: Systems
	8 Cardiovascular System
		8.1 Overview
		8.2 Histology and Function of the Heart Wall and Pericardium
		8.3 Histology of the Endocardium and Myocardium
		8.4 Histology of Heart Valves
		8.5 Classification of Arteries and Veins
		8.6 Histology of Elastic Arteries
		8.7 Ultrastructure of the Aorta
		8.8 Histology of Large Veins: the Venae Cavae
		8.9 Histology of Muscular Arteries and Veins
		8.10 Structure and Function of Coronary Arteries
		8.11 Structure and Function of Arterioles
		8.12 Ultrastructure and Function of Arterioles and Venules
		8.13 Ultrastructure and Function of Vascular Smooth Muscle
		8.14 Histology and Function of Venules, Veins, and Venous Valves
		8.15 Ultrastructure and Function of the Endothelium
		8.16 Structure and Function of Capillaries
		8.17 Ultrastructure and Function of Tight Capillaries
		8.18 Ultrastructure and Function of Fenestrated Capillaries
		8.19 Innervation of Blood Vessels
		8.20 Ultrastructure and Function of Lymphatic Capillaries
		8.21 Histology and Function of the Thoracic Duct
		8.22 Pathology of Cardiovascular System
9 Lymphoid System
	9.1 Overview
	9.2 Histology and Function of Lymphatic Vessels
	9.3 Histology and Function of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
	9.4 Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes
	9.5 Histology of Lymph Nodes: Cortex and Paracortex
	9.6 Histology of Lymph Nodes: Medulla and Sinuses
	9.7 Structure and Function of High Endothelial Venules
	9.8 Structure and Function of Tonsils
	9.9 Histology and Function of Tonsils
	9.10 Development and Function of the Thymus
	9.11 Histology of the Thymus
	9.12 Structure and Function of the Blood-Thymus Barrier
	9.13 Histology and Function of the Thymic Medulla and Hassall Corpuscles
	9.14 Structure and Function of the Spleen
	9.15 Histology of the Spleen
	9.16 Blood Supply to White Pulp
	9.17 Blood Supply to Red Pulp
	9.18 Pathology of Lymphoid System
10 Endocrine System
	10.1 Overview
	10.2 Anatomy of the Pituitary
	10.3 Development of the Pituitary
	10.4 Divisions and Functions of the Pituitary
	10.5 Blood Supply of the Pituitary
	10.6 Histology and Function of the Pituitary Lobes
	10.7 Histology of the Anterior Lobe: Chromophils and Chromophobes
	10.8 Immunocytochemistry of Cells of the Pars Distalis
	10.9 Functions of the Adenohypophysis
	10.10 Ultrastructure of the Anterior Lobe
	10.11 Functions of the Neurohypophysis
	10.12 Histology of the Posterior Lobe
	10.13 Ultrastructure and Function of the Posterior Lobe
	10.14 Overview of the Thyroid and Parathyroid
	10.15 Histology and Function of the Thyroid
	10.16 Ultrastructure and Function of Thyroid Follicular Cells
	10.17 Histology and Function of the Parathyroid
	10.18 Histology and Ultrastructure of Parathyroid Chief Cells
	10.19 Overview of the Adrenal and Its Blood Supply
	10.20 Development of the Adrenal
	10.21 Histology and Histochemistry of the Adrenal
	10.22 Histology and Function of the Adrenal Cortex and Medulla
	10.23 Ultrastructure of Spongiocytes in the Zona Fasciculata
	10.24 Ultrastructure of Chromaffin Cells in the Adrenal Medulla
	10.25 Overview and Histology of Islets of Langerhans
	10.26 Immunocytochemistry of Islets of Langerhans
	10.27 Ultrastructure of Islets of Langerhans
	10.28 Ultrastructure and Function of Beta Cells
	10.29 Histology of the Pineal
	10.30 Pathology of Endocrine System
11 Integumentary System
	11.1 Overview
	11.2 Histology of Thick and Thin Skin
	11.3 Histology of the Epidermis
	11.4 Ultrastructure of the Epidermis
	11.5 Ultrastructure of Keratinocytes
	11.6 Histology and Function of Epidermal Melanocytes
	11.7 Ultrastructure of Melanocytes and Melanogenesis
	11.8 Structure and Function of Epidermal Langerhans Cells
	11.9 Histology and Vasculature of the Dermis
	11.10 Histology and Innervation of the Dermis
	11.11 Histology and Function of Eccrine Sweat Glands
	11.12 Histology and Function of Apocrine Sweat Glands
	11.13 Histology of Pilosebaceous Units: Hair
	11.14 Histology and Function of Pilosebaceous Units: Hair Follicles and Hair Growth
	11.15 Ultrastructure of Hair and Its Follicles
	11.16 Histology of Sebaceous Glands and Arrector Pili Muscles
	11.17 Ultrastructure and Function of Sebaceous Glands
	11.18 Anatomy and Histology of Nails
	11.19 Histology of Psoriasis
	11.20 Pathology of Integumentary System
12 Upper Digestive System
	12.1 Overview
	12.2 Histology of the Lips: Skin and Vermilion Border
	12.3 Histology of the Lips: Oral Mucosa and Central Core
	12.4 Histology of the Oral Cavity: Cheek and Gingiva
	12.5 Structure and Function of the Tongue
	12.6 Histology and Function of Lingual Papillae
	12.7 Structure and Function of the Palate
	12.8 Structure and Function of Teeth
	12.9 Development and Histology of Teeth: Ameloblasts and Odontoblasts
	12.10 Histology of Teeth: Dentin and Enamel
	12.11 Structure and Function of Salivary Glands
	12.12 Histology of Parotid Glands
	12.13 Histology of Mixed Salivary (Submandibular and Sublingual) Glands
	12.14 Ultrastructure and Function of Striated Ducts
	12.15 Structure and Function of the Esophagus
	12.16 Histology of the Esophagus: Mucosa
	12.17 Histology of Mucous Glands of the Esophagus
	12.18 Histology and Function of the Esophagus: Muscularis Externa and Adventitia
	12.19 Histology and Function of the Esophagogastric Junction
	12.20 Structure and Function of the Enteric Nervous System
	12.21 Pathology of Upper Digestive System
13 Lower Digestive System
	13.1 Development of the Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut
	13.2 Structure and Function of the Stomach
	13.3 Histology of the Stomach: Gastric Glands and Pits
	13.4 Histology and Function of Surface Mucous and Mucous Neck Cells
	13.5 Histology of Gastric Chief Cells and Parietal Cells
	13.6 Ultrastructure and Function of Parietal Cells
	13.7 Ultrastructure and Function of Gastric Chief Cells
	13.8 Ultrastructure and Function of Enteroendocrine Cells
	13.9 Ultrastructure of the Serosa and Muscularis Externa
	13.10 Histology of the Gastroduodenal Junction
	13.11 Structure and Function of the Small Intestine
	13.12 Histology and Function of the Duodenum
	13.13 Histology of the Jejunum
	13.14 Histology of the Ileum
	13.15 Histology and Cell Renewal of the Epithelium of the Small Intestine
	13.16 Ultrastructure and Function of Enterocytes
	13.17 Ultrastructure and Function of Goblet Cells
	13.18 Ultrastructure and Function of Paneth Cells
	13.19 Structure and Function of the Large Intestine
	13.20 Histology of the Large Intestine
	13.21 Structure and Function of the Appendix
	13.22 Histology of the Appendix
	13.23 Structure and Function of the Anorectal Junction
	13.24 Histology of the Anorectal Junction
	13.25 Pathology of Lower Digestive System
14 Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas
	14.1 Overview of the Liver
	14.2 Classic Hepatic Lobules
	14.3 Portal Triads With Blood and Bile Supply
	14.4 Histology of the Portal Tract and Central Vein
	14.5 Histologic Arrangement of Hepatic Parenchyma
	14.6 Structure and Function of the Liver Acinus
	14.7 Histology of Glisson Capsule
	14.8 Ultrastructure of Hepatocytes
	14.9 Ultrastructure and Function of Hepatocytes
	14.10 Ultrastructure of Hepatic Sinusoids
	14.11 Ultrastructure and Function of Kupffer Cells
	14.12 Ultrastructure of the Space of Dissé
	14.13 Ultrastructure and Function of Hepatic Stellate Cells
	14.14 Histology and Ultrastructure of the Hepatic Biliary Duct System
	14.15 Ultrastructure and Function of Bile Canaliculi
	14.16 Overview of the Gallbladder
	14.17 Histology of the Gallbladder Wall
	14.18 Ultrastructure and Function of the Gallbladder Mucosa
	14.19 Overview of the Pancreas
	14.20 Histology of the Exocrine Pancreas: Ducts
	14.21 Histology of the Exocrine Pancreas: Acini
	14.22 Ultrastructure of the Exocrine Pancreas
	14.23 Development of the Pancreas
	14.24 Pathology of Liver
15 Respiratory System
	15.1 Overview
	15.2 Structure of the Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses
	15.3 Histology of the Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses
	15.4 Histology of the Epiglottis
	15.5 Histology of the Larynx and Vocal Cords
	15.6 Structure of the Trachea and Major Bronchi
	15.7 Histology of the Trachea
	15.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy of Tracheal and Bronchial Epithelium
	15.9 Ultrastructure of Tracheal and Bronchial Epithelium
	15.10 Ultrastructure and Function of Respiratory Cilia
	15.11 Histology of the Bronchi
	15.12 Structure of Intrapulmonary Airways
	15.13 Histology of Terminal and Respiratory Bronchioles
	15.14 Ultrastructure of Bronchiolar Epithelium: Club Cells
	15.15 Intrapulmonary Blood Circulation
	15.16 Histology and Ultrastructure of Pulmonary Alveoli
	15.17 Ultrastructure of the Blood-Air Barrier
	15.18 Ultrastructure of Type II Pneumocytes
	15.19 Ultrastructure of Alveolar Macrophages
	15.20 Development of the Lower Respiratory System
	15.21 Pathology of Respiratory System
16 Urinary System
	16.1 Overview
	16.2 Organization of the Renal Vasculature
	16.3 Anatomy of the Uriniferous Tubule (Nephron and Collecting Duct)
	16.4 Histology and Function of the Renal Cortex
	16.5 Histology of Renal Corpuscles
	16.6 Ultrastructure of Renal Corpuscles
	16.7 Ultrastructure and Function of Renal Corpuscles
	16.8 Ultrastructure and Function of the Renal Filtration Barrier
	16.9 Scanning Electron Microscopy of Renal Podocytes
	16.10 Histology of Proximal and Distal Tubules
	16.11 Ultrastructure and Function of Proximal and Distal Tubules
	16.12 Ultrastructure and Function of Proximal Tubules
	16.13 Ultrastructure of the Juxtaglomerular Complex
	16.14 Ultrastructure and Function of Cells of the Juxtaglomerular Complex
	16.15 Histology and Ultrastructure of Loops of Henle (Thin Segments)
	16.16 Histology of Collecting Ducts
	16.17 Ultrastructure and Function of Collecting Ducts
	16.18 Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros
	16.19 Development of the Metanephros
	16.20 Histology of the Ureters and Urinary Bladder
	16.21 Histology of the Ureters
	16.22 Histology of the Urinary Bladder
	16.23 Histology of the Male and Female Urethra
	16.24 Pathology of the Urinary System
17 Male Reproductive System
	17.1 Overview
	17.2 Anatomy and Histology of Testes
	17.3 Testicular Development and Spermatogenesis
	17.4 Histology of Seminiferous Tubules
	17.5 Ultrastructure of Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis
	17.6 Ultrastructure of Germ Cells and Early Spermiogenesis
	17.7 Ultrastructure of Germ Cells and Later Spermiogenesis
	17.8 Ultrastructure and Function of Sertoli Cells
	17.9 Histology and Ultrastructure of Leydig Cells
	17.10 Ultrastructure and Function of Leydig Cells
	17.11 Anatomy and Histology of the Epididymis
	17.12 Histology and Function of the Epididymis
	17.13 Histology of the Ductus (Vas) Deferens
	17.14 Ultrastructure and Function of the Ductus (Vas) Deferens
	17.15 Anatomy and Histology of the Prostate and Seminal Vesicles
	17.16 Histology and Function of the Prostate
	17.17 Ultrastructure of the Prostate
	17.18 Histology of Seminal Vesicles
	17.19 Anatomy and Histology of the Urethra and Penis
	17.20 Histology of the Penis
	17.21 Histology and Function of the Penis
	17.22 Pathology of Male Reproductive System
18 Female Reproductive System
	18.1 Overview
	18.2 Ovarian Structures and Development
	18.3 Histology of the Ovarian Cortex
	18.4 Histology of Developing Ovarian Follicles
	18.5 Ultrastructure of Developing Ovarian Follicles
	18.6 Histology of Mature Graafian Follicles
	18.7 Structure and Function of the Corpus Luteum
	18.8 Ultrastructure and Function of Steroid-Secreting Cells in the Ovary
	18.9 Histology of Atretic Follicles and Senile Ovaries
	18.10 Structure and Function of Fallopian Tubes
	18.11 Histology and Function of Fallopian Tubes
	18.12 Ultrastructure and Function of the Epithelium of Fallopian Tubes
	18.13 Anatomy and Histology of the Uterus
	18.14 Endometrial Blood Supply
	18.15 The Menstrual Cycle: Histologic and Hormonal Changes
	18.16 Histology of the Endometrium: Follicular Phase
	18.17 Histology of the Endometrium: Luteal Phase
	18.18 Histology of the Cervix
	18.19 Histology of the Vagina
	18.20 Anatomy and Histology of the External Genitalia
	18.21 Structure and Function of the Placenta
	18.22 Histology of the Placenta
	18.23 Ultrastructure and Function of the Placental Barrier
	18.24 Histology of the Umbilical Cord
	18.25 Development and Function of Mammary Glands
	18.26 Histology and Function of Nipples and Areolae
	18.27 Pathology of Female Reproductive System
19 Eye and Adnexa
	19.1 Overview
	19.2 Development of the Eye
	19.3 Histology and Function of the Cornea
	19.4 Ultrastructure and Function of the Corneal Stroma
	19.5 Histology and Function of the Iris
	19.6 Histology and Function of the Lens
	19.7 Ultrastructure of Lens Fibers
	19.8 Histology and Function of the Ciliary Body
	19.9 Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Ciliary Body and Zonular Fibers
	19.10 Histology of the Canal of Schlemm and Drainage of Aqueous Humor
	19.11 Structure and Function of the Retina
	19.12 Histology of the Retina
	19.13 Histology and Ultrastructure of Retinal Photoreceptors
	19.14 Ultrastructure and Function of Membranous Discs
	19.15 Regional Specializations of the Retina
	19.16 Ultrastructure and Function of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
	19.17 Blood Supply to the Retina
	19.18 Structure and Function of Eyelids: Cutaneous Surface and Core
	19.19 Structure of Eyelids: Free Margin and Conjunctival Surface
	19.20 Structure and Function of Lacrimal Glands
	19.21 Pathology of Eye and Adnexa
20 Special Senses
	20.1 Overview
	20.2 Development of the Ear
	20.3 Histology and Function of the External Acoustic Meatus
	20.4 Histology and Function of the Middle Ear and Auditory Tube
	20.5 Histology and Function of the Cochlea
	20.6 Histology of the Organ of Corti
	20.7 Ultrastructure and Function of Cochlear Hair Cells
	20.8 Histology of Vestibular Receptors: Crista Ampullaris and Macula
	20.9 Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Crista Ampullaris
	20.10 Ultrastructure and Function of Vestibular Hair Cells
	20.11 Histology and Function of Olfactory Mucosa
	20.12 Scanning Electron Microscopy of Olfactory Epithelium
	20.13 Structure and Distribution of Taste Buds
	20.14 Histology and Function of Taste Buds
	20.15 Ultrastructure of Taste Buds
	20.16 Structure and Function of Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
	20.17 Ultrastructure and Function of Merkel Cell–Neurite Complexes
	20.18 Histology and Function of Meissner and Pacinian Corpuscles
	20.19 Structure and Function of Interoceptors: Carotid Body and Sinus
	20.20 Ultrastructure and Function of a Carotid Body
	20.21 Histology and Function of Muscle Spindles
	20.22 Ultrastructure and Function of Muscle Spindles
	20.23 Innervation of Muscle Spindles
	20.24 Ultrastructure and Function of Golgi Tendon Organs
	20.25 Pathology of Special Senses: the Ear
Appendix Staining Methods and Techniques
001_f.pdf
	Netter's Essential Histology