Net-Positive Design and Sustainable Urban Development

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Boxes
Preface
Overview
PART I: Design and Analysis: Synopsis of Part I
	SECTION A: Introduction to Positive Development
		1. Overview of Net-Positive Development
			1.1 Introduction
			1.2 Definitions and Basic Concepts in Positive Development (PD)
			1.3 The Critique of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) in PD
			1.4 Introduction to Some Basic Design Strategies
			1.5 Institutional Reform
			1.6 Conclusion
			1.7 Exercises
			Notes
		2. Centrality of the Built Environment in Sustainability
			2.1. Review and Preview
			2.2. Potentially Positive Built-Environment Impacts
			2.3 Future Trends
			2.4. Conclusion
			2.5 Exercises
			Notes
	SECTION B: Sustainability Revisited
		3. Sustainability Paradigms in Historical Context
			3.1 Review and Preview
			3.2 Misconceptions about Sustainability
			3.3 An Overview of the Dominant Paradigm (DP)
			3.4 Historical Strands in the Sustainability Movement
			3.5 Three Streams within Circular Approaches
			3.6 Open- and Closed-Systems Distinction
			3.7 Hard and Soft Streams in Sustainable Design
			3.8 Sustainable Design at Different Scales
			3.9 Conclusion
			3.10 Exercises
			Notes
		4. Sustainability and Positive Development Theory
			4.1 Review and Preview
			4.2 Limits to Growth and the 1972 UN Stockholm Conference
			4.3 Limits to Resources and the 1969 NEPA Legislation
			4.4 Boundaries and the 1980 World Conservation Strategy
			4.5 Balance and the 1987 World Council for Environment and Development
			4.6 Government Declarations and Policies ConcerningUrban Development
			4.7 Three Differing Models of Sustainability
			4.8 Positive Development Theory in Shorthand
			4.9 Conclusion
			4.10 Exercises
			Notes
	SECTION C: Built Environment Solutions
		5. Eco-Positive Retrofitting
			5.1 Introduction
			5.2 Alternative to Green Growth
			5.3 Shared Problems of Competing Growth Models
			5.4 Retrofitting
			5.5 Eco-Positive Retrofitting
			5.6 Implementing Retrofitting
			5.7 Sample Eco-positive Retrofitting Design Concepts
			5.8 Conclusion
			5.9 Exercises
			Notes
		6. Design for Nature Exemplified
			6.1 Introduction
			6.2 Green Scaffolding (GS) Functions
			6.3 GS Applications in Cities
			6.4 GS Applications at Urban/Regional Scales
			6.5 Green Scaffolding (GS) and Eco-Services
			6.6 Incentivizing GS and Design for Eco-Services
			6.7 Sample Incentives
			6.8 Conclusion
			6.9 Exercises
			Notes
	SECTION D: Systems Mapping Themes (SMT) Analyses
		7. SMT Analyses for Physical Design
			7.1 Review and Preview
			7.2 Review of the SMARTmode Planning Process
			7.3 Overview of SMT Analyses
			7.4 Code to the SMT Diagrams
			7.5 Design Issues at Building or Project Scale
			7.6 Urban Planning Issues at Municipal or Regional Scale
			7.7 Exercises
			Notes
		8. SMT Analyses for Institutional Design
			8.3 Exercises
			Notes
PART II: Decision Making and Assessment: Synopsis of Part II
	SECTION E: Development Governance
		9. Governance and Futures Planning
			9.1 Review and Preview
			9.2 Design as aDriver of Systems Change
			9.3 Eco-governance
			9.4 Planning as Governance
			9.5 Sustainable (Futures) Planning
			9.6 Digital Cities
			9.7 Conclusion
			9.8 Exercises
			Notes
		10. Development Control and Assessment
			10.1 Review and Preview
			10.2 Development Control
			10.3 Community Participation
			10.4 Introduction to Green Building Rating/Marketing Tools (RTs)
			10.5 Overview of Issues and Omissions in RTs
			10.6 Comparison of RTs to Other Quality Controls
			10.7 Conclusion
			10.8 Exercises
			Notes
	SECTION F: Rating Tools Critiqued
		11. Rating Tools and Procedures
			11.1 Review and Preview
			11.2 Applies to Total Construction Impacts or Just Certain Types of Projects?
			11.3 Introduces a
Culture of Science or Sets Rules?
			11.4 Examines Basic Alternatives or Simply Compares Design Elements?
			11.5 Promotes Capacity Building or Outsources to Private Consultants?
			11.6 Increases Community Engagement or Creates an Expertariat?
			11.7 Enables the Prevention of Harmful Projects or Legitimizes Them?
			11.8 Requires Public Transparent Findings or Simply Makes Judgments?
			11.9 Allows As-of-Right Approvals or Fosters Improvements?
			11.10 Requires Adaptability to Be Designed in or Relies on Durability?
			11.11 Considers Lost Eco-productivity or Ignores Opportunity Costs?
			11.12 Effectively Devalues the Future or Considers Resource Scarcity?
			Notes
		12. Rating Tools and Substance
			12.1 Requires Public Purposes or Just Client Benefits?
			12.2 Treats Buildings as Parts of Open or Nested Urban Systems?
			12.3 Allows for Automatic Approvals or Judicious Decisions?
			12.4 Uses Design as Conflict Resolution or Simply Chooses Winners?
			12.5 Includes Elements of Time and Space or Just  Material Efficiency?
			12.6 Considers Cumulative, Regional Impacts or Just Onsite Impacts?
			12.7 Considers Public Interests or Just Stakeholder Interests?
			12.8 Considers Ethical and Social Issues or Just Economic Gains?
			12.9 Considers Whole-System Gains or Relies on System Boundaries?
			12.10 Addresses Resource Scarcity and Extinctions or Just Relative Consumption?
			12.11 Prioritizes Highest Sustainable Land Use or Highest Economic Use?
			12.12 Transferability of RTs to Disadvantaged Regions
			12.13 Conclusion
			12.14 Exercises
			Notes
	SECTION G: Eco-Positive Design Review (A Qualitative Tool)
		13. Eco-positive Design Review (Social Issues)
			13.1 Review and Preview
			13.2 Basic Criteria for an eDR
			13.3 Health, Safety and Security
			13.4 Sustainability Education and Social Change
			13.5 Social Needs (Vvalues, Justice, Fairness, Etc.)
			13.6 Space for Changing Needs
			13.7 Economic Equity, Opportunity or Affordability
			13.8 Safer and Healthier Jobs
			Notes
		14. The Eco-Positive Design Review (Ecological issues)
			14.1 Restore and Increase Natural Systems and Eco-services
			14.2 Create Eco-positive Onsite and Offsite Impacts
			14.3 Reduce Waste and Total Material Flows
			14.4 Eliminate Fossil Fuels and Sequester Carbon
			14.5 Increase Ecological and Human Health
			14.6 Recognize Complex and Interdependent Open Systems
			14.7 Conclusion
			14.8 Exercises
			Notes
	SECTION H: STARfish (A Quantitative Tool)
		15. The STARfish Tool Described
			15.1 Review and Preview
			15.2 How Impact Categories Overlap
			15.3 Description of the STARfish
			15.4 Summary of STARfish Benefits
			15.5 Exercises
			Notes
		16. The STARfish Tool Benchmarks
			16.1 Review and Preview
			16.2 Ecology/Biodiversity STARfish
			16.3 Materials/Waste STARfish
			16.4 Efficiency/Energy STARfish
			16.5 Greenhouse/Carbon (Sequestration) STARfish
			16.6 The Health/Life Quality STARfish
			16.7 Planning/Spatial Relationships STARfish
			16.8 Conclusion
			16.9 Exercises
			Notes
Index