Nerve cells and animal behaviour

CONTENTS......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
1.1 Nervous systems and the study of behaviour......Page 12
1.2 Scope and limitations of neuroethology......Page 13
1.3 Neural implications of ethological results......Page 15
1.4 Sign stimuli in amphibians......Page 20
1.5 Neuroethology of a releasing mechanism......Page 22
1.6 Control theory and nervous systems......Page 26
1.7 Conclusions......Page 28
Further reading......Page 29
2.1 Basic organisation of nerve cells......Page 31
2.2 Neuron physiology and action potentials......Page 37
2.3 Synapses......Page 41
2.4 Integration of postsynaptic potentials......Page 44
2.6 Additional mechanisms in integration......Page 50
2.7 Conclusions......Page 51
Further reading......Page 52
3.1 Introduction......Page 53
3.2 Giant neurons and the crayfish tail flip......Page 55
3.3 The lateral giant interneuron: input and output......Page 60
3.4 The decision to initiate startle behaviour......Page 63
3.5 Executive functions of the lateral giant neuron......Page 66
3.6 Summary of pathways in crayfish startle behaviour......Page 70
3.7 Mauthner neurons and the teleost fast start......Page 72
3.8 Excitation and inhibition in the Mauthner neuron......Page 76
3.9 Outputs and executive functions of the Mauthner neuron......Page 78
3.10 The startle reaction of a cockroach......Page 80
3.11 Conclusions......Page 85
Further reading......Page 86
4.1 Introduction......Page 87
4.2 Basic receptor mechanisms: the campaniform organ......Page 88
4.3 Summary of basic mechanisms......Page 94
4.4 Essential properties of eyes......Page 96
4.5 Design features of eyes......Page 97
4.6 Photoreceptors and the receptor potential......Page 102
4.7 Conclusions......Page 107
Further reading......Page 108
5.1 Introduction......Page 110
5.2 The insect visual system......Page 111
5.3 Neuronal coding in the insect lamina......Page 113
5.4 Optomotor neurons in flies......Page 120
5.6 A mechanism for directional selectivity......Page 125
5.7 Summary of fly optomotor neurons......Page 132
5.8 Collision warning neurons in the locust......Page 133
5.9 Conclusions......Page 138
Further reading......Page 139
6.1 Introduction......Page 140
6.2 Prey localisation by hearing in owls......Page 142
6.3 Auditory interneurons and sound localisation......Page 146
6.4 Synthesising a neuronal map of auditory space......Page 149
6.5 The echolocation sounds of bats......Page 153
6.6 Interception of flying prey by bats......Page 158
6.7 The auditory system and echolocation......Page 159
6.8 Auditory specialisations for echo ranging......Page 163
6.9 Auditory specialisations for Doppler shift analysis......Page 169
6.10 Conclusions......Page 173
Further reading......Page 174
7.1 Introduction......Page 176
7.2 Locusts and their flight......Page 177
7.3 The flight engine......Page 178
7.4 The flight program......Page 180
7.5 Generation of the flight rhythm......Page 182
7.6 Interneurons of the flight generator......Page 183
7.7 Proprioceptors and the flight motor pattern......Page 189
7.8 Steering and initiating flight......Page 193
7.9 Overall view of locust flight......Page 195
7.10 Triggering and maintaining escape swimming in Tritonia......Page 197
7.11 Swimming by young Xenopus tadpoles......Page 201
7.12 Circuit reconfiguration in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster......Page 205
7.13 Conclusions......Page 209
Further reading......Page 210
8.1 Introduction......Page 212
8.2 Neuronal activity during different behaviours in Aplysia......Page 213
8.3 Optical monitoring of neuronal activity......Page 215
8.4 Local bending reflexes in the leech......Page 217
8.5 Modelling a network of neurons......Page 220
8.6 Local reflex movements of a locust’s leg......Page 223
8.7 Local spiking interneurons......Page 224
8.8 Non-spiking interneurons......Page 226
8.9 Organisation of neurons that control reflex movements......Page 228
8.10 Conclusions......Page 230
Further reading......Page 231
9.1 Introduction......Page 232
9.3 Ecdysis in a hawk moth......Page 233
9.4 Remodelling neurons during metamorphosis......Page 236
9.5 Associative learning and the proboscis extension reflex in honey bees......Page 239
9.6 Neuronal pathways and conditioning......Page 241
9.7 The role of an identified neuron in conditioning......Page 243
9.8 Bird song and its production......Page 246
9.9 The development of song......Page 250
9.10 Neural centres for hearing and singing......Page 251
9.11 Development of song nuclei......Page 253
9.12 Conclusions......Page 255
Further reading......Page 257
References......Page 259
D......Page 273
I......Page 274
O......Page 275
S......Page 276
Z......Page 277