Negotiating Climate Change Adaptation: The Common Position of the Group of 77 and China (Springer Climate)

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Acronyms
Part I Introduction
1 Introduction
Part II Building a Developing Country Position on Adapting to Climate Change in the UNFCCC: The Sub-groups of the G77 and China
2 Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay (A-B-U)
	Introduction
	Adaptation in the Context of Developing Countries, for the Latin–American Region, and in Relation to the Means of Implementation
	The Origins of the A-B-U Group in Relation to the Climate Change Adaptation Negotiations
	A-B-U Within the G77 and China in the Adaptation Negotiations from 2017 to 2018: Building Positions by Understanding Internal Opportunities for Consensus
	Conclusions
	References
3 African Group of Negotiators (AGN)
	Introduction
	The Role of AMCEN and CAHOSCC
	The Link Between AGN and the G77 and China
	The AGN and Adaptation in Negotiations on the Paris Agreement
	The AGN and Negotiations on the Paris Agreement Work Program
	Conclusions
	References
4 Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)
	Introduction and Background
	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: The Early Days
	AOSIS and Adaptation Under the UNFCCC (from Marrakech to Bali)
	AOSIS and Adaptation Under the UNFCCC: From the Bali Action Plan to the Copenhagen Accord
	AOSIS and Adaptation Under the UNFCCC: The Cancun Agreements
	AOSIS and Adaptation Under the UNFCCC: The Paris Agreement and the Paris Rulebook
	Coda
	References
5 Independent Alliance of Latin America and the Caribbean (AILAC)
	The Value of a Common G77 and China Position for AILAC
	AILAC’s Incentive for Collaborating with the G77 and China on Adaptation
	The Evolution of AILAC’s Involvement with the G77 and China Position on Adaptation—From First Steps to Present Day
	The Main Contributions of AILAC to the Collective Position of the G77 and China on Adaptation
	How the Paris Agreement Reflects AILAC’s Interests on Adaptation and How the Common Position Within the G77 and China Was Instrumental in Achieving Them
	Lessons Learned from Achieving a Common Position on Adaptation in the G77 and China
		The Pitfalls of the Never-Ending Quest for Defining Vulnerabilities
		The Other Side of the Coin: Adaptation from a Human Rights Perspective
	Final Reflections
6 Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
	The Value of Having a G77 and China Position
	Evolution of the LDC Group and Its Involvement in the G77 and China Position on Adaptation
	The Emergence of the LDC Negotiating Group Under the UNFCCC
	The LDCs Before Copenhagen
	The LDC Group and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process
	The LDC Group and the Negotiation of the Paris Agreement
	LDCs Contribution to G77 and China Common Position
	LDCs and the Paris Agreement Implementation from 2016 to 2018
	Final Reflections
	References
7 Overview on Climate Change Adaptation Negotiations to Operationalize the Paris Agreement
	Introduction
	Collaboration with the G77 and China
	Incentives to Collaborate with the G77 and China
	Towards a Common Position in the G77 and China
	Contributions to the Collective Position of the G77 and China
	Reflected Interests in the Outcome of the PAWP Negotiations
	Final Reflections
Part III The Lead Coordinators of the G77 and China on Adaptation to Climate Change
8 From the Cancun Adaptation Framework to the Paris Agreement
	Introduction
	Inception of Adaptation Under the Convention
	Adaptation and Beyond
	Means of Implementation
	Progress and Obstacles Experienced by the G77 and China: Differentiation, Vulnerability, and Response Measures
	The Value of a Common Position on Adaptation of the G77 and China
	The Mandate of the Durban Negotiations and the Role of the Adaptation Committee
9 Coordination of the G77 and China on Adaptation. Looking for the Appropriate Space for Adaptation Under the UNFCCC
	Introduction
	Background Information on Adaptation at the UNFCCC from COP 1 to COP 10
	Looking for a New Agreement with Available Space for Adaptation Actions
	The Durban Platform to the Paris Agreement
	The Paris Agreement as a Reflection of the History of Adaptation Under the Convention
	References
10 The Implementation Phase of the Paris Agreement: The Adaptation Provisions
	Introduction
	The First COP After the Entry into Force of the Paris Agreement and the Beginning of a New Coordination
		The Trail Towards the First COP Presidency from a Small Island Developing State
		The Last Stretch of the Road and the End of the Paris Work Program
		Paris Mandates on Adaptation Given to the Bodies During 2018
		Further Guidance on the Adaptation Communication from May to December
	Conclusions
	References
Part IV Concluding Reflections
11 Conclusions
Index