Nature and Nurture in Personality and Psychopathology : A Guide for Clinicians

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
	Nature and Nurture
	How I Came to Embrace Nature-Nurture Integration
	The Dimensions of Psychopathology
	Nature, Nurture, and Personality
	Integrating Nature and Nurture in Clinical Practice
	Acknowledgment
1. Defining and Measuring Psychopathology
	Separating Normal from Abnormal
	Categories and Dimensions of Psychopathology
	The RDoC Model of Psychopathology
	The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
		p-Factor
		Super-spectra
	The Future of Dimensional Models
2. Personality and Psychopathology
	Temperament and Personality
	Measuring Personality Traits
	Personality Profiles Related to Psychopathology
	Personality and Personality Disorders
3. What Genes Can and Cannot Tell Us
	Reading the Genome: Advances and Disappointments
	Lessons from Behavior Genetics
	Behavior Genetics and the Environment
	Epigenetics
	Conclusions
4. Neuroscience: Triumphs and Limitations
	The Current Status of Neuroscience
	The Allure of Brain Imaging
	The Myth of the Chemical Imbalance
	Reductionism, Complexity, and Emergence
	Some Tentative Conclusions
5. Childhood Adversities and Adult Functioning
	Nature, Nurture, and Childhood
	Childhood and Psychopathology
	The Impact of Adversity
	Adversity in Childhood
		The quality of parenting
		Childhood trauma
		Family breakdown
		Social class and poverty
	Cumulative Adversities
	Emotion Regulation and Emotional Neglect
	Memory Research and the Myth of Recovered Memories
	Adversity in an Evolutionary Context
6. Resilience: Surviving a Bad Childhood
	The Nature of Resilience
	Individual Differences in Resilience
	Major Research Studies of Resilience in Children
		1 The Hawaii study
		2 The Albany-Saratoga study
		3 Birth cohort studies
		4 Institutionalized children
	The mechanisms of resilience
	Surviving an unhappy childhood
7. Nature-Nurture Interactions
	Gene-Environment Interplay
	Types of Gene-Environment Interplay
	Longitudinal Studies of Children
		High-Risk samples
		Birth cohort studies
		The Dunedin study
	Longitudinal Studies of Twins
	Social Risk Factors for Psychopathology
	The Biopsychosocial Model
	Psychology and History: Two Multicausal Disciplines
8. Problems with Causality
	Causality Reconsidered
	How Medical Research Studies Causality
	Caseness and the Base Rate Fallacy
	Why Risk Factors Do Not Prove Causality
	Reminder: Correlation is Not Causation
	Differences Between Clinical and Community Populations
	The Problem of Recall Bias
	Statistical Significance vs. Clinical Significance
	Fatal Attractions to Explanations and Attributions
9. Implications for Psychotherapy
	Nature, Nurture, and Psychotherapy
	Nature and Biological Psychiatry
	How Psychotherapy Works
	Working with Personality in Psychotherapy
10. Implications for Prevention and Management
	Implications of Research for Early Intervention and Prevention
	Implications for Models of Developmental Psychopathology
	Implications of Dimensional Models for Treatment
		1 The p factor
		2 Internalizing disorders
		3 Externalizing disorders
		4 Psychoses
	Integrating Theoretical Models into Clinical Practice
	Implications for Parenting
	Complexity Reconsidered
References
Index