National Constitutions and EU Integration

Preface
Contents
The Authors
1. Belgium
	I. The Belgian Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. The Implementation of EU Law in Belgium: Rules and Practices
	VI. Conclusion: The Relation between EU Law and Belgian Law
	References
2. Bulgaria
	I. Introduction
	II. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	III. Constitutional Culture
	IV. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	V. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	VI. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VII. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
3. Czech Republic
	I. Main Characteristics of the Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. The Constitution and the Implementation of EU Law
	VI. Conclusion: Ongoing Dynamic Relationship between EU Law and the Czech Constitutional Order
	References
4. Denmark
	I. Introduction
	II. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	III. Constitutional Practice and Culture: The Parliament as the Ultimate Symbol of Democracy
	IV. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	V. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	VI. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VII. Conclusion
	References
5. Germany
	I. Germany\'s Special Situation
	II. Characteristics of the Constitutional System in Germany
	III. Constitutional Culture in Germany
	IV. The Basic Law\'s Openness vis-à-vis European Integration
	V. European Integration and the Federal Constitutional Court
	References
6. Estonia
	I. Introduction: Shifts in Estonian Constitutionalism in the Light of a \'Disconnect\' between National and EU Legal Discourses
	II. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	III. Constitutional Culture
	IV. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	V. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration: Exceptionless Primacy of EU Law
	VI. Constitutional Rules and the Practice of Implementing EU Law
	VII. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law: Perspectives Regarding Substantive Constitutional Law
	VIII. Concluding Remarks: A Case for a Joined-Up Discussion on the Impact of EU law on the Member States\' Constitutional Systems as Part of the Debate on the Future of Europe
	References
7. Ireland
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice Concerning the Implementation of EU Law
	VI. The Resulting Relationship between European Law and National Law
	References
8. Greece
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National law
	References
9. Spain
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
10. France
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System and Constitutional Culture
	II. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	III. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	IV. Concluding Remarks
	References
11. Croatia
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU-Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Conclusion – The Relationship between the Croatian Constitution and the EU Legal Order
	References
12. Italy
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to European Integration53
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice of Implementing EU Law
	VI. Conclusion: Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
13. Cyprus
	I. Introduction
	II. Main Characteristics of the RoC’s Constitutional System
	III. Constitutional Culture
	IV. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	V. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	VI. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VII. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	VIII. Conclusion
	References
14. Latvia
	I. Introduction
	II. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	III. Constitutional Culture
	IV. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	V. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	VI. Constitutional Rules and Practices on Implementing EU Law
	VII. Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	VIII. Conclusions
	References
15. Lithuania
	I. Main Characteristics of the Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional and Sub-Constitutional Rules on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
16. Luxembourg
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	VII. Miscellaneous: The Current Constitutional Amendment Procedure
	References
17. Hungary
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System, Including the System of the Judiciary
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
18. Malta
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. The Constitutional Foundations of EU-Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU-integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
19. The Netherlands
	I. Main Characteristics of the Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to European Integration?
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	VII. Conclusion
	References
20. Austria
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Concluding Remarks
	References
21. Poland
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	III. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	IV. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	V. The Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
22. Portugal
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Integration
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	VII. Concluding Remarks
	References
23. Romania
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
24. Slovenia
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU-Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
25. Slovakia
	I. Main Characteristics of the Slovak Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship of EU Law and National Law
	References
26. Finland
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU-Membership
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice in Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	VII. Concluding Remarks: From Constitutional Outsider to Insider
	References
27. Sweden
	I. Main Characteristics of the National Constitutional System
	II. Constitutional Culture
	III. Constitutional Foundation of EU Membership and Closely Related Instruments
	IV. Constitutional Limits to EU Integration
	V. Constitutional Rules and/or Practice on Implementing EU Law
	VI. Resulting Relationship between EU Law and National Law
	References
28. United Kingdom
	I. UK Constitution: Principal Characteristics
	II. UK Constitution: Underlying Culture
	III. EU Membership: UK Constitutional Foundations
	IV. Constitutional Limits on EU Membership
	V. Implementing EU Law: UK Constitutional Rules/Practice
	VI. UK and EU Law: Resulting Relationship
	References
29. Squaring the Circle – How National Constitutions and EU Law Interact
	I. Introductory Remarks
	II. National Constitutional Systems and Cultures
	III. Constitutional Foundations of EU Membership
	IV. Constitutional Obstacles to Further EU integration
	V. The EU Law Perspective – Primacy Revisited
	VI. Doctrinal Solutions to the Potential Clash of Constitutions?
	VII. A Modest Conclusion: Cooperation is a Common Constitutional Principle
	References
	Index