Nanoparticles in analytical and medical devices

Title-page_2020_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medical-Devices
	Nanoparticles in Analytical and Medical Devices
Copyright_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medical-Devices
	Copyright
Contents_2020_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medical-Devices
	Contents
List-of-Contributors_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medical-Devices
	List of Contributors
1---Introduction-to-nanoparticles-and-a_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and
	1 Introduction to nanoparticles and analytical devices
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Nanoparticles and types
			1.2.1 Gold nanoparticles
			1.2.2 Silver nanoparticles
			1.2.3 Iron nanoparticles
			1.2.4 Zinc oxide nanoparticles
			1.2.5 Silica nanoparticles
			1.2.6 Cobalt nanoparticles
			1.2.7 Strontium nanoparticles
			1.2.8 Titanium nanoparticles
		1.3 Nanoparticles in analytical devices
			1.3.1 Surface plasmon resonance and nanoparticles
			1.3.2 Nanoparticle-integrated waveguide-mode sensors
			1.3.3 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
			1.3.4 Nanoparticle-integrated electrochemical sensors
			1.3.5 Nanogap biosensor
		1.4 Sensitivity improvement by gold nanoparticle-conjugates
		1.5 Conclusion
		References
		Further reading
2---Nanoparticle-synthetic-methods--stre_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-an
	2 Nanoparticle synthetic methods: strength and limitations
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Synthesis of nanoparticle
		2.3 Physical method
			2.3.1 Evaporation-condensation
			2.3.2 Laser ablation
			2.3.3 Arc-discharge method
		2.4 Chemical method
			2.4.1 Chemical reduction
			2.4.2 Irradiation
			2.4.3 Electrochemical method
			2.4.4 Microemulsion method
			2.4.5 Photoreduction
		2.5 Biological methods
			2.5.1 Plants
			2.5.2 Microorganism
		2.6 Conclusion
		References
3---Natural-resources-for-nanopartic_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Me
	3 Natural resources for nanoparticle synthesis
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Volcanic ash
		3.3 Soil
			3.3.1 Clay minerals
			3.3.2 Metal (hydr) oxides
			3.3.3 Humic substances
		3.4 Natural water
		3.5 Plant extracts
			3.5.1 Phenolics
			3.5.2 Flavonoids
			3.5.3 Terpenoids
			3.5.4 Protein and amino acids
		3.6 Plant biomass
		References
4---Characterization-of-nanoparticles-usin_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-
	4 Characterization of nanoparticles using nano-analytical techniques
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Application of the nanoparticles
		4.3 Characterization of nanoparticles
			4.3.1 UV-Vis spectrophotometry
			4.3.2 Morphological analysis
				4.3.2.1 Scanning electron microscope
				4.3.2.2 Transmission electron microscope
			4.3.3 Structural and elemental analysis
				4.3.3.1 Energy dispersive X-ray
				4.3.3.2 X-ray powder diffraction
				4.3.3.3 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
				4.3.3.4 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
		4.4 Conclusions
		References
5---Nanoparticle-in-composite-ma_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medica
	5 Nanoparticle in composite material
		5.1 Nanoparticle in composite
			5.1.1 Composite
			5.1.2 Composite enhancement with nanoparticle
		5.2 Generation of nanoparticle-assisted composite
		5.3 Nanoparticle-assisted composite applications
		References
6---Nanoparticles-in-electrochemical-bi_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and
	6 Nanoparticles in electrochemical bioanalytical analysis
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Nanoparticles in electrochemical systems
			6.2.1 Metal nanoparticles
			6.2.2 Inorganic nanoparticles
			6.2.3 Metal oxide nanoparticles
			6.2.4 Metal sulfides
			6.2.5 Quantum dots
			6.2.6 Magnetic nanoparticles
			6.2.7 Carbon-based nanoparticles
			6.2.8 Polyoxometalates
		6.3 Electrochemical analysis types
			6.3.1 Electrochemical analytical applications
				6.3.1.1 Potentiometry
				6.3.1.2 Coulometry
				6.3.1.3 Voltammetry
				6.3.1.4 Conductimetric
				6.3.1.5 Amperometric
				6.3.1.6 Impedimetric
		6.4 Concluding remarks
		References
7---Nanoparticles--an-emerging-platform_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and
	7 Nanoparticles: an emerging platform for medical imaging
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Nanoparticles for biomedical imaging
			7.2.1 Gold nanoparticles
			7.2.2 Quantum dots
			7.2.3 Iron oxide nanoparticles
			7.2.4 Carbon nanotubes
			7.2.5 Magnetic nanoparticles
			7.2.6 Dendrimers
		7.3 Lipid-based pharmaceutical nanocarriers for imaging
			7.3.1 Liposomes
			7.3.2 Micelles
		7.4 Application of nanoparticles with different imaging modalities
			7.4.1 Fluorescence imaging
			7.4.2 Magnetic resonance imaging
			7.4.3 Computed tomography scanning
			7.4.4 Ultrasound
			7.4.5 Positron emission tomography single-photon emission computed tomography
		7.5 Conclusion and future perspective
		References
8---Nanoparticles-for-biomedical-imagi_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-
	8 Nanoparticles for biomedical imaging advancements
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Magnetic resonance imaging
		8.3 SPIONs in Imaging
			8.3.1 Mechanism of SPIONs
		8.4 Paramagnetic nanoparticles
		8.5 Computed tomography scanning
		8.6 Multimodal imaging
		8.7 Iron oxide nanoparticles
		8.8 Gold nanoparticles
		8.9 Quantum dots
		8.10 Gadolinium nanoparticles
		8.11 Carbon nanomaterials
		8.12 Silica nanoparticles
		8.13 Nanocomposites
		8.14 Conclusion
		Acknowledgment
		Abbreviations
		References
9---Nanoparticle-mediated-diagnosis-of-clinical-bio_2021_Nanoparticles-in-An
	9 Nanoparticle mediated diagnosis of clinical biomarkers of different diseases: a medical application of nanotechnology
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Nanoparticle mediated diagnosis in different clinical diseases
			9.2.1 Nanoparticles and diabetes
			9.2.2 Nanoparticles and neurodegerative diseases
			9.2.3 Nanoparticle and cancer
			9.2.4 Nanoparticle and clinical diseases
			9.2.5 Nanoparticles and atherosclerosis
		9.3 Conclusion
		References
10---Nanoparticles-in-medical-i_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medical
	10 Nanoparticles in medical imaging
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Structure and composition
		10.3 Nanoparticles in fluorescence imaging
			10.3.1 Advantages and limits of fluorescence imaging
			10.3.2 Application in biomedical imaging
			10.3.3 Examples used in fluorescence imaging
		10.4 Nanoparticles in MRI imaging
			10.4.1 Advantages and limitations
			10.4.2 Application in biomedical imaging
			10.4.3 Examples used in MRI imaging
		10.5 Nanoparticles in computed tomography imaging applications
			10.5.1 Advantages and limitations
			10.5.2 Application in biomedical imaging
			10.5.3 Examples used in CT imaging
		10.6 Nanoparticles in PET/SPECT imaging applications
			10.6.1 Advantages and limitations
			10.6.2 Application in biomedical imaging
			10.6.3 Examples used in PET/SPECT imaging
		10.7 Nanoparticles in ultrasound imaging applications
			10.7.1 Advantages and limitations
			10.7.2 Application in biomedical imaging
			10.7.3 Examples used in ultrasound imaging
		10.8 Nanoparticles in multimodality imaging applications
			10.8.1 Advantages and limitations
			10.8.2 Application in biomedical imaging
			10.8.3 Examples used in multimodality imaging
		10.9 Conclusion
		References
11---Diagnosing-metabolic-diseases-by-nan_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-a
	11 Diagnosing metabolic diseases by nanoparticle immobilization
		11.1 Introduction
			11.1.1 Inherited metabolic disorders
		11.2 Diabetes mellitus
		11.3 Posttraumatic stress disorder
		11.4 Cancer
		11.5 Discovery of nanoparticles for metabolic disease
		11.6 Detection technique by using optical
		11.7 Gold nanoparticles as cell controller on the metabolic profile for prior existing obesity
		11.8 Nanomaterials for cardiovascular infection disease
		11.9 Nanostructure surface on biomaterial
		11.10 Nanoparticles for cardiovascular disease applications
		11.11 Magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery
		11.12 Diagnosing metabolic disease by using aptamer immobilization
		11.13 Conclusion
		References
12---Characterization-of-synthesized-nanoparticles_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Ana
	12 Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles for medical devices: current techniques and recent advances
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Characterization techniques
			12.2.1 Atomic force microscopy
			12.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy
			12.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy
			12.2.4 Ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy
			12.2.5 Raman spectroscopy
			12.2.6 X-ray diffraction
			12.2.7 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
			12.2.8 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
			12.2.9 Dynamic light scattering
		12.3 Recent advances
			12.3.1 Electromagnetic separation
			12.3.2 Infrared spectroscopy
			12.3.3 Mass spectrometry
			12.3.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance
			12.3.5 Nanoparticle tracking analysis
		12.4 Conclusions
		References
13---Non-metallic-nanomaterial-production_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-a
	13 Non-metallic nanomaterial productions from natural resources
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Source and properties of cellulose
		13.3 Cellulose nanomaterials
			13.3.1 Cellulose nanocrystals
			13.3.2 Production of cellulose nanocrystals
			13.3.3 Inorganic acid hydrolysis
				13.3.3.1 Hydrochloride acids
				13.3.3.2 Sulfuric acid hydrolysis
				13.3.3.3 Phosphoric acid hydrolysis
				13.3.3.4 Organic acid
				13.3.3.5 Organic solvent
				13.3.3.6 Extrusion
				13.3.3.7 Milling technique
				13.3.3.8 Enzymes hydrolysis
			13.3.4 Cellulose nanofibril
			13.3.5 Production of cellulose nanofibrils
				13.3.5.1 Mechanical fabrication techniques
				13.3.5.2 Wet chemical fabrication techniques
				13.3.5.3 Electrospinning
				13.3.5.4 Enzymes hydrolysis
		13.4 Application in the medical field
		13.5 Conclusions and future perspectives
		References
14---Production-of-powder-activated-carbo_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-a
	14 Production of powder-activated carbon from natural resources
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Natural resources
		14.3 Detailed results
		14.4 Analysis and characterization
		14.5 Adsorption study
		14.6 Conclusions
		References
15---Fabrication-and-analysis-of-starch-_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-an
	15 Fabrication and analysis of starch-based green materials
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Bioresources
		15.3 Natural resources
			15.3.1 Water
			15.3.2 Air
			15.3.3 Minerals
			15.3.4 Soil
		15.4 Raw material of starch
		15.5 Analysis and characterization
		15.6 The future of starch
			15.6.1 Starch blends with compostable polymers
			15.6.2 Antimicrobial packaging film
			15.6.3 Starch-based nanocomposite films
			15.6.4 Heat sealing packaging
			15.6.5 Starch grafted emulsions for packaging
		15.7 Conclusions
		References
Index_2021_Nanoparticles-in-Analytical-and-Medical-Devices
	Index