Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapeutics
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Molybdenum-Based Nanoparticles
	3 Iron and Other Magnetic Nanomaterials
	4 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles
	5 Polymer-/Polyamino Acids-Based Nanoparticles
	6 Plant Viral Nanoparticles
	7 Gold Nanoparticles
	8 Quantum Dots
	9 Recent Examples of Other Nanoparticles-Based Cancer Therapeutics
	10 Nanoparticles-Based Cancer Therapeutics in the Market
	11 Nanodiagnostics for Cancer Treatment
	12 Conclusion
	References
2 Biomaterials and Its Advances for Delivering Anticancer Drugs
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Classes of Biomaterials for Anticancer Activity
	3 Natural Biomaterials
		3.1 Collagen
		3.2 Alginates
		3.3 Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
		3.4 Chitosan
		3.5 Cellulose
		3.6 Cyclodextrins (CD)
		3.7 Silk
	4 Inorganic Biomaterials
		4.1 Titanium and Selenium
		4.2 Calcium Phosphate
		4.3 Silica
	5 Synthetic Biomaterials
		5.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
		5.2 Graphene
		5.3 Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)
		5.4 Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (PEG)
		5.5 Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) (PCL)
		5.6 Polyanhydrides
		5.7 Polyurethanes (PU)
		5.8 Conducting Polymers
	6 Hybrid Materials
	7 Triggerable Biomaterials
		7.1 Magnetic Responsive Biomaterials
		7.2 pH-Responsive Biomaterials
		7.3 Temperature-Responsive Biomaterials
		7.4 Redox Responsive Biomaterials
		7.5 Enzymes and Hydrolysis Sensitive Polymers
		7.6 Light Responsive Biomaterials
		7.7 Electrically Responsive Biomaterials
		7.8 Sound Responsive Biomaterials
		7.9 Swelling and Shrinking Biomaterials
	8 Commercially Available Products
	9 Conclusions
	References
3 Stimuli-responsive Hybrid Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles
		2.1 Light Responsive PNPs
		2.2 Magnetic Responsive PNPs
		2.3 Thermoresponsive PNPs
		2.4 Electroresponsive PNPs
	3 Endogenous Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles
		3.1 Redox-Responsive PNPs
		3.2 pH-Responsive PNPs
		3.3 Enzyme Responsive PNPs
	4 Dual and multistimuli-responsive PNPs
	References
4 Hybrid Nanoparticles in Image-Guided Drug Delivery
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle
	3 Hybrid Nanoparticles (HNPs)
	4 Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Responses of Hybrid Nanoparticles (HNPs)
	5 General Principles
	6 Physical Methods
	7 Photochemical Approach
	8 Ionizing Radiation
	9 Microwave Radiation
	10 Chemical Synthesis Methods
	11 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Approach
	12 Wet-Chemical Approach
	13 Seed-Growth Approach
	14 Sol-Gel Approach
	15 Sonochemical Approach
	16 Co-precipitation Approach
	17 Toxicity, Bioavailability and Mode of Action of HNPs
	18 Applications of HNPs
	References
5 Ceramic-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Calcium Phosphate-Based Hybrid Ceramic Nanoparticles
	3 Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles
	4 Silica-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles
	5 Titania-Based Ceramic Nanoparticles
	6 Zirconia Oxide-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles
	7 Boron Carbide-Based Nanoparticles
	8 Conclusion
	References
6 Biomaterials for Anticancer Drugs
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Cancer
	2 Oral Chemotherapy
	3 Biomaterial for Anticancer Drugs
		3.1 Prodrugs
		3.2 Nanoemulsions
		3.3 Dendrimers
		3.4 Micelles
		3.5 Liposomes
		3.6 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
		3.7 Nanoparticles of Biodegradable Polymers
	4 Natural Products as Anticancer Drugs
		4.1 Curcumin-Based Materials for Drug Delivery
	5 Conclusion
	References
7 Quantum Dots in Drug Delivery
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 An Overview About the Structure and Synthesis of QDs
	3 QDs Bioengineering Strategies
	4 Engineered QDs in Cancer Targeted Drug Delivery Applications
	Acknowledgements
	References
8 Nanotechnology and Its Implication in Antiviral Drug Delivery
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Virus
		1.2 Life Cycle of HIV
			1.2.1 Binding and Fusion
			1.2.2 Reverse Transcription
			1.2.3 Integration
			1.2.4 Replication
			1.2.5 Assembly
			1.2.6 Budding
		1.3 HIV Transmission
		1.4 HIV Pathogenesis
			1.4.1 HIV/Host Cell Interaction
		1.5 The Complexity of HIV/AIDS
		1.6 Detection of HIV
		1.7 HIV/AIDS Current Therapeutic Strategies
			1.7.1 Administration Routes
			1.7.2 Major Setbacks for Anti-Retroviral Therapy for HIV/AIDS
		1.8 Nanotechnology in Medicine
			1.8.1 Nanotechnology Approaches in HIV/AIDS Management
		1.9 Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems
			1.9.1 Dendrimers
			1.9.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles
			1.9.3 Inorganic Nanoparticle
			1.9.4 Metal Based Nanoparticle
			1.9.5 Liposomes
				Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
				Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)
				Lipid Drug Conjugates (LDC)
				Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles
		1.10 Methods of Preparation of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems
			1.10.1 Homogenization
			1.10.2 Hot Homogenization
			1.10.3 Cold Homogenization
			1.10.4 Ultrasonication or High-Speed Homogenization
			1.10.5 Solvent Emulsification/Evaporation
			1.10.6 Microemulsion
			1.10.7 Supercritical Fluid Technique
			1.10.8 Spray Drying Method
			1.10.9 Double Emulsion Method
		1.11 Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles
			1.11.1 Nanoprecipitation
			1.11.2 Salting Out
			1.11.3 Emulsification Diffusion
			1.11.4 Emulsification Evaporation
			1.11.5 Double Emulsion
		1.12 Synthesis and Fabrication of Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles
			1.12.1 Two-Step Method
			1.12.2 One-Step Method
	2 Conclusions
	References