Nanomaterials for Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Storage

Cover
Half Title
Emerging Materials and Technologies Series
Nanomaterials for Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Storage
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Notes on the Editors
Contributors
List of Abbreviations
1. Transition toward a Sustainable Hydrogen Economy: Status and Progress
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Addressing Sustainable Development Goals with a Hydrogen Economy
	1.3 Present and Future Applications of Hydrogen
	1.4 Challenges and Prospects of a Hydrogen Economy
	1.5 Conclusion
	References
2. Exploring the Future of Nanomaterials: Insights into Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Types of Nanomaterials
		2.2.1 Carbon-based Nanomaterials
			2.2.1.1 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs)
			2.2.1.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
			2.2.1.3 Activated Carbon
			2.2.1.4 Graphene
			2.2.1.5 Fullerenes
		2.2.2 Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs)
		2.2.3 Metal Nanomaterials (MNPs)
			2.2.3.1 Metal-oxide Nanomaterials
		2.2.4 Semiconductor Nanomaterials
		2.2.5 Polymeric Nanomaterials
			2.2.5.1 Dendrimers
			2.2.5.2 Nanocellulose
		2.2.6 Ceramic Nanomaterials
		2.2.7 Nanocomposites
	2.3 Nanomaterials Synthesis Methods
		2.3.1 Physical Methods
			2.3.1.1 Gas-phase Deposition
			2.3.1.2 Electron Beam Lithography
			2.3.1.3 Powder Ball Milling
			2.3.1.4 Pulsed Laser Ablation
		2.3.2 Chemical Methods
			2.3.2.1 Coprecipitation
			2.3.2.2 Microemulsion
			2.3.2.3 Chemical Reduction
			2.3.2.4 Hydrothermal Synthesis
		2.3.3 Biological Methods
			2.3.3.1 Fungi
			2.3.3.2 Yeasts and Plants
	2.4 Characterization of Nanomaterials
		2.4.1 Raman Scattering (RS) Technique
		2.4.2 X-ray Diffraction Technique
		2.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy Technique
		2.4.4 UV-visible Spectroscopy
		2.4.5 Particle Size Analyzer
		2.4.6 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
	2.5 Futuristic Applications of Nanomaterials
		2.5.1 Hydrogen Production and Storage
		2.5.2 Wastewater Treatment
		2.5.3 Pharmaceutical Applications
		2.5.4 Biomedical Applications
		2.5.5 Catalysis
		2.5.6 Green Chemical Production
	2.6 Conclusions
	References
3. Advances in Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Using Nanomaterials: An Analysis of Production Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Natural Gas Reforming
	3.3 Biomass Gasification and Biomass-derived Liquid Reforming
	3.4 Thermochemical Water Splitting
	3.5 Nanomaterials for Thermochemical Water Splitting
	3.6 Challenges of Nanomaterial-based Thermochemical Processes for Renewable H2 Production
	3.7 Conclusions
	References
4. Biological Hydrogen Production: The Role and Potential of Nanomaterials
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Overview of Biological Hydrogen Production Methods
		4.1.2 Bio-photolysis (Direct and Indirect)
		4.1.3 Dark and Photo Fermentation
	4.2 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Biological Hydrogen Production
		4.2.1 Nanomaterials for Dark Fermentation of Hydrogen Production
		4.2.2 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Photo Fermentative Hydrogen Production
		4.2.3 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Biomass Pretreatment
		4.2.4 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Biomass Hydrolysis
		4.2.5 Nanotechnology Devices for Biohydrogen Production
	4.3 Conclusion
	References
5. Nanomaterials for Electrolytic and Photolytic Hydrogen Production: Production Methods, Challenges, and Prospects
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Electrolytic Hydrogen Production
		5.2.1 Nanomaterials for Electrolytic Hydrogen Production
			5.2.1.1 Noble Metal Nano-electrocatalysts
			5.2.1.2 Non-noble Metal Nano-electrocatalysts
			5.2.1.3 Metal-free Nano-electrocatalysts
		5.2.2 Challenges of Nanomaterial-based Electrolytic Processes for Renewable H2 Production
	5.3 Photolytic Hydrogen Production
		5.3.1 Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
		5.3.2 Challenges of Nanomaterial-based Photocatalytic Processes for Renewable H2 Production
	5.4 Conclusions
	References
6. Modeling and Optimization of Nanomaterials Production Processes
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Architectural/Structural Nanomaterials
		6.2.1 Composite NMTs
		6.2.2 Organic NMTs
		6.2.3 Inorganic NMTs
		6.2.4 Carbon-based NMTs
	6.3 Carbon Nanotubes
		6.3.1 Carbon Nanotube Production Modeling
			6.3.1.1 Modeling of Ethanol to CNT
			6.3.1.2 Kinetic-based Derivative Models Employed in CNT Production Modeling
			6.3.1.3 Machine Learning Models Employed in CNT Production Modeling
			6.3.1.4 Other Models Employed in CNT Production Modeling
			6.3.1.5 Thermochemical Processes and Reactors Employed in CNT Production Modeling
		6.3.2 Carbon Nanotube Production Optimization
	6.4 Conclusion
	References
7. Machine Learning Applications for Nano-synthesized Materials Production and Utilization
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Machine Learning in Nanomaterials
		7.2.1 Traditional ML Method in Nanomaterials Synthesis
			7.2.1.1 Linear and Non-linear Regression
			7.2.1.2 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
			7.2.1.3 Support Vector Machines (SVMs)
			7.2.1.4 Decision Tree
		7.2.2 Deep Learning Methods in Nanomaterial Synthesis
			7.2.2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
			7.2.2.2 Deep Neural Networks (DNN)
			7.2.2.3 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
	7.3 Challenges and Future Outlook
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8. Status and Progress of Nanomaterials Application in Hydrogen Storage
	8.1 Introduction to Hydrogen Storage in Nanomaterials
	8.2 Carbonaceous Nanomaterials
		8.2.1 Activated Carbons
		8.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
		8.2.3 Graphite
		8.2.4 Others
	8.3 Metal and Complex Hydrides
		8.3.1 Metal Hydrides
		8.3.2 Complex Hydrides
		8.3.3 Nanoconfined Complex Hydrides
	8.4 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
		8.4.1 Cryogenic Hydrogen Storage with MOF
		8.4.2 Working Capacity and Balanced Adsorption
		8.4.3 MOFs for Hydrogen Storage at Ambient Temperature
		8.4.4 Shaped MOFs for Hydrogen Storage
		8.4.5 MOF Synthesis Procedures
		8.4.6 Challenges in MOF Applications in Hydrogen Storage
	8.5 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
		8.5.1 Synthesis of COFs
		8.5.2 Characterization and Simulation of COFs Nanomaterials
		8.5.3 Hybridization of COFs and MOFs
		8.5.4 Other Nanoporous Polymer-based Nanomaterials
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
9. Analytical Methods, Modeling Approaches and Challenges of Nanomaterial-Based Hydrogen Storage
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Challenges Associated with Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage
		9.2.1 Technical Challenges
		9.2.2 Economic Challenges
		9.2.3 Current State of Research
	9.3 Overview of Advanced Characterization Techniques
		9.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy
		9.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy
		9.3.3 X-ray Diffraction
		9.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy
		9.3.5 Atomic Force Microscopy
		9.3.6 Thermal Analysis
	9.4 Computational Modeling and Simulation of Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage
		9.4.1 Density Functional Theory (DFT)
		9.4.2 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations
		9.4.3 Monte Carlo (MC) Simulations
		9.4.4 Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC)
		9.4.5 Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC)
		9.4.6 Machine Learning (ML) Approaches
	9.5 Summary of Key Points
		9.5.1 Future Directions for Research in Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage
		9.5.2 Importance of Collaboration and Investment
		9.5.3 Implications for a Sustainable and Equitable Energy Future
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
Index