Nanomaterials for Sensors and Sustainable Energy: Volume 1

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Half Title
Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials Series
Nanomaterials for Sensors and Sustainable Energy: Volume 1
Copyright
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1. Utilization of Yarosite Minerals on LaFeO3: Synthesis, Properties, and Its Development as Ethanol Gas Sensors
	1. Introduction
	2. Synthesis of LaFeO3 Metal Oxide Semiconductor
	3. LaFeO3 Properties and Sensing Mechanism
	4. Conclusions
	References
2. Gas Sensor: An Overview
	1. Introduction
	2. Types of Gas Sensors
		2.1 Semiconductor Sensors
		2.2 Catalytic Sensors
		2.3 Thermal Conductivity Gas Sensor
		2.4 Electrochemical Gas Sensors
		2.5 Optical Gas Sensors
		2.6 Infrared Gas Sensor
	3. Properties of Gas Sensors
	4. Applications of Gas Sensors
		4.1 Healthcare
		4.2 Security
		4.3 Environment
	5. Conclusions
	References
3. Detection of Hazardous Chemicals and Heavy Metals Through Metal Oxides and Graphene Based Electrodes
	1. Introduction
	2. ZnO Based Semiconductor Sensors for Toxic Organic Chemicals
		2.1 ZnO Nanopyramids Modified Electrode for Monitoring of Dichloromethane
		2.2 Iron-Nickel Doped Zno as FET Electrodes for Detection of Harmful Hexahydropyridine Solvents
	3. Transition Binary Metal Oxide Based Chemical Sensors to Checking for Low Concentration of Organic Molecules
		3.1 Development of Modified Electrodes Based on ZnFe2O4 Heterostructures for Formaldehyde Sensing
		3.2 Synthesized 3-Dementional ZnGa2O4 as Transition Binary Metal Oxide for Highly Sensitive Semiconductor Electrodes to Detect N,N-Dimethylmethanamide Chemical
		3.3 NiCo2O4 Hexa-Nanoplates as Transition Binary Metal Oxide-Based Sensor for 3-Methoxypropionitrile Tracking
	4. Graphene Oxide and Graphene Compounds Based Chemical Sensors for Specific Harmful Heavy Metals
		4.1 Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide with ZnO Modified Electrode for Low Concentration of Heavy Metals Detection
		4.2 Indandione Oligomer@Graphene Oxide Based Sensor for Heavy Metals Detection
	5. Conclusions
	References
4. Breath Analyzer and Toxic Gas Detection Sensor Design by Using Nanomaterial Multilayered Structure
	1. Introduction
	2. Theory and Results
	3. Conclusions
	References
5. Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Biological Nanosensors for the Detection of Urea and Glucose
	1. Introduction
		1.1 Application Areas of Nanobiotechnology
		1.2 Biosensors
		1.3 Application of Metal Oxide Nanostructures as a Biosensor Material
	2. Results Supported Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Their Sensing Activity
		2.1 Expected Sensing Mechanism
		2.2 Corroboration of Enzyme Immobilization
	3. Results Supported SnO2 Nanostructures Sensing Activity
		3.1 Morphology of SnO2 Thin Films
		3.2 Glucose Oxidase Immobilization on SnO2 Thin Films
		3.3 Proposed Sensing Mechanism
		3.4 Immobilization Confirmation
	4. Summary and Future Directions
	References
6. A Simulation Investigation of Lead-Free Inorganic CsGeI3-Based Perovskite for Solar Cell with Hole Transport Layers of Different Organic Materials via SCAPS-1D Modeling
	1. Introduction
	2. Device Modeling and Simulation Methodology
		2.1 Simulation Approaches via SCAPS-1D
		2.2 Device Modeling
	3. Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of the Energy Band (EB) Alignment of the PSCs
		3.2 The Collective Impact of Acceptor Density and Absorber Layer Thickness
		3.3 Effect of Variation in Bulk Nt and Defect Energy Level
		3.4 Effect of Temperature
		3.5 Effect of Series Resistance (Rs) and Shunt Resistance (Rsh) on the PSCs
		3.6 Generation and Recombination Profile of the Cell
		3.7 Quantum Efficiency (QE)-Wavelength and J–V Curve of the Cell
	4. Conclusions
	References
7. Design and Engineering of 2D Heterostructures for Solar Cell Applications
	1. Introduction
		1.1 Background on the Use of 2D Heterostructures in Solar Cells
		1.2 Significance of 2D Materials and Their Unique Properties for Solar Energy Conversion
	2. Fundamentals of 2D Materials and Heterostructures
		2.1 Overview of 2D Materials: Graphene, Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs), Black Phosphorus
		2.2 Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Materials and Their Relevance to Solar Cells
		2.3 Introduction to 2D Heterostructures: Fabrication Techniques and Characteristics
	3. Design and Engineering of 2D Heterostructures for Solar Cells
		3.1 Strategies for Designing 2D Heterostructures in Solar Cells: Vander Waals Epitaxy, In-Situ Growth, Transfer Printing
		3.2 Interface Engineering and Band Alignment Considerations in 2D Heterostructures
		3.3 Role of Strain Engineering and Defects in Optimizing the Performance of 2D Heterostructure Solar Cells
	4. Types of 2D Heterostructure Solar Cells
		4.1 Graphene-Based Heterostructure Solar Cells: Principles and Applications
		4.2 TMD-Based Heterostructure Solar Cells: Materials, Interfaces, and Performance
		4.3 Other 2D Materials in Heterostructure Solar Cells: Black Phosphorus, Boron Nitride
	5. Characterization Techniques for 2D Heterostructure Solar Cells
		5.1 Overview of Characterization Methods: Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Electrical Measurements
		5.2 Spectroscopies
		5.3 Microscopies
		5.4 Electrical Measurements
		5.5 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
		5.6 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
		5.7 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy
		5.8 Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM)
	6. Challenges and Considerations in Characterizing 2D Heterostructures for Solar Cells
	7. Applications and Future Perspectives
		7.1 Emerging Trends and Advancements in 2D Heterostructures for Solar Cells
		7.2 Multilayer and Tandem Heterostructures
		7.3 Perovskite-2D Heterostructures
		7.4 Defect Engineering and Passivation
		7.5 Plasmonic Enhancements
		7.6 Scalability and Large-Scale Fabrication
		7.7 Integration Into Flexible and Wearable Devices
		7.8 Interface Engineering for Carrier Selectivity
	8. Conclusions
		8.1 Summary of the Key Findings and Contributions of 2D Heterostructures in Solar Cells
		8.2 Future Directions and Challenges for Further Development and Optimization of 2D Heterostructure-Based Solar Cells
	References
8. Recent Advancements in Asymmetric Supercapacitors: A Review
	1. Introduction
	2. Overview: Conventional Capacitors Versus Supercapacitors
	3. Classification of Supercapacitors
		3.1 Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)
		3.2 Battery-Type Supercapacitors
		3.3 Asymmetric Hybrid Supercapacitors
	4. Overview: Electrode Materials and Electrolytes
	5. Comparative Study of Various Electrode Materials in ASC Devices
	6. Conclusions
	References
9. Hydrogen Storage Properties of Metal Oxides: A Review
	1. Introduction
	2. Hydrogen Storage: Use of Oxides
		2.1 Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
		2.2 Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
		2.3 SnO2 Porous Microspheres
		2.4 Binary Metal Oxides
	3. Conclusions
	References
10. Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Heterojunction Solar Cells
	1. Introduction
	2. Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
	3. Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
		3.1 Top-Down Approach
		3.2 Arc-Discharge Method
		3.3 Plasma Reactor
		3.4 Laser Ablation
		3.5 Chemical Exfoliation and Combustion
		3.6 Ultrasonic Synthesis
		3.7 Bottom-Up Approach
		3.8 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Methods
		3.9 Microwave Synthesis
		3.10 Thermal Pyrolysis
	4. Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
		4.1 Absorption Properties
		4.2 Photoluminescence (PL) Properties
		4.3 Electrical Properties
	5. Applications of GQDS in Heterojunction Solar Cells
	6. Conclusions and Future Prospective
	References