Nanomaterials and Nanoliquids: Applications in Energy and Environment (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology)

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Overview of the Major Types of Nanomaterials Used for Environmental and Energy Applications: Challenges and Prospects
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanomaterials: Definition, Properties, Classification, and Applications
		2.1 Applications of Nanomaterials
		2.2 Nanotechnology and the Environment
		2.3 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Applications
		2.4 Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications
	3 Merits and Demerits of the Use of Nanomaterials in Energy and Environment Applications
	4 Nanomaterials’ Limitations and Future Prospects
	5 Conclusions
	References
2 Graphene and Its Derivatives for Desalination Membrane and Environmental Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 A Brief Overview on Graphene Fabrication Methods
	3 Graphene Properties
	4 Applications
		4.1 Energy and Environment Applications
		4.2 Desalination Membranes
		4.3 Photocatalysis
		4.4 Other Potential Applications
	5 Conclusion
	References
3 An Impact of Nanotechnology for Water Treatment Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanotechnology
	3 Noble Metal Nanoparticles
	4 Removal of Contaminants
		4.1 Contaminants Removed by Nanoadsorbents
		4.2 Removal of Mercury Contaminants
	5 Water Treatment
		5.1 Groundwater Treatment
		5.2 Water Treatment Using Nanomaterials as Adsorbents
	6 Nanocomposites in Water Treatment
	7 Nanocomposites of Organic Supports
	8 Emerging Methods
		8.1 Using Activated Carbon (AC)
		8.2 Using Biologically Activated Carbon (BAC)
	9 Toxic Potential of CNTs
	10 Conclusion
	References
4 Adoption of the Green Energy Technology for the Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emission: Embracing the Goals of the Paris Agreement
	1 Introduction
		1.1 “is the Mean Temperature of the Ground in Any Way Influenced by the Presence of Heat-Absorbing Gases in the Atmosphere?”—Svante Arrhenius, 1896
		1.2 Greenhouse Gases?
		1.3 Greenhouse Gas Properties
	2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculation
		2.1 Atmospheric Lifetime
		2.2 Carbon Dioxide-Equivalents Calculation
	3 Greenhouse Gas Levels’ Rising Trends
		3.1 The Permanence of Uncertainties
	4 Major Gases and Their Emission Sources
	5 Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions
		5.1 Construction
		5.2 Transportation
		5.3 Agriculture
		5.4 Energy Sector
		5.5 Industrial and Manufacturing Sector
	6 Nano-Revolution: Advancements and Applications of Nanotechnology
		6.1 Gases (Carbon and Methane)
		6.2 Nanoparticle Innovations: Revolutionizing Clean Energy Production and Boosting Efficiency
	7 Conclusion
	References
5 Prospects of Alcohols with Nanoparticles as an Alternative & Renewable Automotive Engine Fuels
	1 Introduction
	2 Rationale Behind the Present Study
	3 Engine Emissions
		3.1 Unburned Hydrocarbons
		3.2 Carbon Monoxide Emission (CO)
		3.3 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
		3.4 Oxides of Sulfur
		3.5 Particulates
	4 Global Warming and Carbon Dioxide Emission
	5 Emission Norms: European Union
		5.1 Emission Control Methods
	6 Alcohols as Alternative Fuels
		6.1 Methanol
		6.2 Ethanol
		6.3 Butanol
	7 Production of Ethanol
		7.1 Biomass-To-Ethanol Conversion Steps
		7.2 Disaccharides into Ethanol
		7.3 Starch-To-Ethanol
		7.4 Lignocellulose-To-Ethanol
	8 Production of Butanol from Biomass
		8.1 Selection of Ethanol and Butanol as Additives to Gasoline
	9 Ethanol Policy in India
	10 Literature Survey
		10.1 Based on Methyl Alcohol as Additives to Gasoline
		10.2 Based on Ethanol as an Additive to Gasoline
		10.3 Based on Butanol as an Additive to Gasoline
		10.4 Based on Comparison of Ethanol and Butanol as Additive
	11 Benefits of Adding Nanoparticles in the Engine Fuel
	12 Conclusion
	13 Future Prospects
	References
6 Battery Thermal Management (BTM) Using Hybrid Nanofluid and Porous Medium in the Cooling Channel
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modeling
		2.1 Li-Ion Battery Modeling
		2.2 Nanofluid’s Thermophysical Properties
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
7 Phenolic Effluent Treatment Using Advanced Nanomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 Classification of Nanomaterials for Phenolic Waste Treatment
		2.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
		2.2 Metal-Based Nanomaterials
		2.3 Polymer-Based Nanomaterials
	3 Methods of Treatment
		3.1 Adsorption
		3.2 Advanced Oxidation
		3.3 Filtration
	4 Mechanism
	5 Conclusion
	References
8 Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Heavy Metals Removal
	1 Introduction
	2 Conventional Methods for Heavy Metal Removal
	3 Role and Properties of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
		3.1 Properties of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites
		3.2 Classification of Nanomaterials
		3.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
		3.4 Techniques Associated with Nanostructured Materials in Heavy Metals Removal
	4 Nanoadsorbents in Adsorption
		4.1 Carbon-Based Nanoadsorbents
		4.2 Metal- and Metal-Oxide-Based Nanoadsorbents
		4.3 Polymer-Based Nanoadsorbents or Polymer Nanocomposites
		4.4 Zeolite-Based Nanoparticles
	5 Functionalization of Nanoparticles
	6 Nanocomposites Membranes in Membrane-Based Processes
	7 Bioactive Nanoagents
	8 Nanophotocatalysts in Photocatalysis
	9 Conclusion
	References
9 Advances in Solar Desalination System by the Application of Nanotechnology
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanotechnology in Desalination
	3 Nanofluid Theory
	4 Application of Nanofluid and Nanoparticles Solar Stills
	5 Conclusion
	References
10 Mixed Convective Flow on Nanoparticle Shape Effects Over a Stretching Sheet
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 The Skin Friction Coefficient
		2.2 Coefficient of Heat Transfer
	3 Validation of Results
	4 Discussion of the Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
11 Entropy Generation Analysis During Heat Transfer by Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Water-Based Al2O3 Nanofluid over a Curved Stretchable Surface
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modeling
		2.1 Thermophysical Properties
		2.2 Problem Governing Equations
		2.3 Nondimensional Similarity Transformations
		2.4 Analysis of Entropy Generation and Bejan Number
		2.5 Physical Quantities of Interest
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Velocity Profile
		3.2 Temperature Profile
		3.3 Concentration Profile
		3.4 Entropy Generation and Bejan Number
		3.5 Skin Friction, Nusselt Number, Sherwood Number, and Validation
	4 Deductions
	References
12 Numerical Modelling of Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Radiative Transport of Hybrid Ti6Al4V-AA7075/H2O Nanofluids from a Riga Plate Sensor Surface
	1 Introduction
	2 Formulation of the Problem
	3 Numerical Solution
	4 Numerical Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
13 Heat Transfer in EMHD Hyperbolic Tangent Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Wedge Surface: A Numerical Simulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulation
		2.1 Definition of the Problem
		2.2 Governing Equations of the Problem
		2.3 Electrical Potential
		2.4 Dimensional Boundary Conditions
		2.5 Scaling Analysis
	3 Interested Physical Quantities
		3.1 Skin Friction Coefficient
		3.2 Nusselt Number (Rate of Heat Transfer Coefficient)
	4 Numerical Approach
	5 Discussion of Numerical Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
14 Sensitivity Analysis and Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Nanofluid in Contracting and Expanding Channel with MHD and Thermal Radiation Effects
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulation
	3 Solution of the Problem
	4 Response Surface Methodology
	5 Parametric Analysis
	6 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
	7 Sensitivity Analysis
	8 Concluding Remarks
	References