Nanofluids: Mathematical, Numerical, and Experimental Analysis

Cover
Nanofluids: Mathematical, Numerical, and
Experimental Analysis
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction to nanofluids
	1.1 History of nanofluids
		1.1.1 Preparing nanofluids
		1.1.2 Synthesis of nanofluids
	1.2 Structures and different types
		1.2.1 Case 1: Single phase: different shapes of nanoparticles in a wavy-wall square cavity filled with power-law non-Newton...
		1.2.2 Case 2: Two-phase nanofluid thermal analysis over a stretching infinite solar plate
	1.3 Nanofluid properties
		1.3.1 Case 1: A modified multisphere Brownian model to predict the thermal conductivity of colloid suspension of wide volum...
			1.3.1.1 Models for the thermal conductivity of colloidal suspensions
			1.3.1.2 Multisphere Brownian model
			1.3.1.3 Modification of the multisphere Brownian model
			1.3.1.4 Establishment of database with various experimental results
			1.3.1.5 Thermal conductivity measured in our experiments
			1.3.1.6 Determining the parameters for the modified model
			1.3.1.7 Dependency of the n values on the volume fractions
	1.4 Benefits and applications
	1.5 Other forces on nanoparticles in base fluid
		1.5.1 Case 1: Natural convection heat transfer in an NF-filled cavity with double sinusoidal wavy walls
		1.5.2 Case 2: The effects of nanoparticle aggregation on convection heat transfer investigated using a combined NDDM and DP...
			1.5.2.1 Nanoparticle diameter distribution model
				1.5.2.1.1 Discrete phase model
			1.5.2.2 Problem description in second case and its solution
	References
2 Mathematical analysis of nanofluids
	2.1 Mathematical modeling of nanofluids properties
	2.2 Weighted residual method for nanofluid modeling
		2.2.1 Case 1: Heat transfer and nanofluid flow through circular concentric heat pipes
		2.2.2 Case 2.A: Condensation of nanofluids
		2.2.3 Case 2.B: Magnetohydrodynamic flow over porous medium
			2.2.3.1 Solution of condensation of nanofluids
			2.2.3.2 Solution of magnetohydrodynamic flow between parallel plates
		2.2.4 Case 3: Peristaltic nanofluid flow in a divergent asymmetric wavy-wall channel
	2.3 Differential transformation method for nanofluid modeling
		2.3.1 Case 1: Thermal boundary-layer analysis of nanofluid flow over a stretching flat plate
		2.3.2 Case 2: Peristaltic flow of nanofluids in a sinusoidal wall channel
		2.3.3 Case 3: Inclined rotating disk
	2.4 Other analytical/mathematical modeling
		2.4.1 Case 1: Nanofluids over a cylindrical tube under the magnetic field effect
		2.4.2 Case 2: Nanofluid passing over a porous moving semiinfinite flat plate
		2.4.3 Case 3: Two-phase nanofluid flow over a stretching infinite solar plate
	References
3 Numerical analysis of nanofluids
	3.1 Finite element method in nanofluid
		3.1.1 Case 1: Hot tubes in a wavy porous channel and nanofluid under variable magnetic field
		3.1.2 Case 2: Circular-wavy cavity filled by nanofluid
		3.1.3 Case 3: Wavy porous cavity filled with nanofluid in the presence of solar radiation
	3.2 Finite volume method in nanofluid
		3.2.1 Case 1: Nanofluid natural convection for an F-shaped cavity under magnetic field effects
		3.2.2 Case 2: Different nanofluid flow through venturi
	3.3 Lattice-Boltzmann method in nanofluid
		3.3.1 Two-phase lattice Boltzmann method
		3.3.2 Population balance equation
		3.3.3 Coupling population balance equations and the lattice Boltzmann method method
		3.3.4 Case 1: Dynamic nanoparticle aggregation for a flowing colloidal suspension
	3.4 Finite difference method in nanofluid
		3.4.1 Case 1: Alumina–water nanofluid in an inclined direct absorption solar collector
	3.5 Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg numerical method
		3.5.1 Case 1: Nanofluid analysis in a porous medium under magnetohydrodynamic effect
		3.5.2 Case 2: Ferrofluid flow influenced by rotating disk
		3.5.3 Case 3: Solar radiation effect on the magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet
	References
4 Experimental analysis of nanofluids
	4.1 Brownian motion of nonspherical particle
		4.1.1 Model validation
		4.1.2 Experimental thermal conductivity of nanocube nanofluid
	4.2 Different properties of nanofluids
		4.2.1 Viscosity
		4.2.2 Thermal conductivity
		4.2.3 Optical properties
			4.2.3.1 Experimental properties attained over aggregation radii
		4.2.4 Surface tension
	4.3 Optical properties of nanofluids
		4.3.1 Aggregation of nanofluid
			4.3.1.1 Monte Carlo simulation
			4.3.1.2 Population balance equation
			4.3.1.3 Brownian dynamic simulation
		4.3.2 Optical properties of nanofluids
			4.3.2.1 Rayleigh scattering theory
			4.3.2.2 Mie scattering theory
			4.3.2.3 Maxwell–Garnett effective medium theory
		4.3.3 Optical models considering aggregation
			4.3.3.1 Generalized multiparticle Mie solution method
			4.3.3.2 Finite difference time domain method
		4.3.4 Experimental research on optical properties
	4.4 Experimental correlations of nanofluid properties
		4.4.1 Preparation of alumina nanofluids with controlled particle aggregation properties
		4.4.2 Measurement of the absorption coefficient of the nanofluid
		4.4.3 Measurement of particle size distribution
		4.4.4 Experimental result of absorption coefficients
		4.4.5 Experimental result of particle size distributions
		4.4.6 Predicted results by theoretical model
	4.5 Experimental application of nanofluids
		4.5.1 Magnetic electrolyte nanofluids for a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector application
			4.5.1.1 Application of electrolyte nanofluid in photovoltaic/thermal system
		4.5.2 Highly dispersed nanofluid in a concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system
			4.5.2.1 Optical properties and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids
			4.5.2.2 Application of optimized nanofluids in a model photovoltaic/thermal system
	References
	Further reading
5 Nanofluid analysis in different media
	5.1 Nanofluids in porous media
		5.1.1 Case 1: Lid-driven T-shaped porous cavity
		5.1.2 Case 2: Nanofluid in porous-filled absorber tube of solar collector
		5.1.3 Case 3: Porous half-annulus enclosure filled by Cu–water nanofluid under the uniform magnetic field
	5.2 Nanofluids in magnetic field (magneto hydrodynamics–ferrofluid)
		5.2.1 Case 1: Variable magnetic field effect on a half-annulus cavity filled by nanofluid
		5.2.2 Case 2: Nanofluid flow over a porous plate under the variable magnetic field effect
		5.2.3 Case 3: Ferrofluids under external magnetic field
			5.2.3.1 Measurement setup
	5.3 Nanofluids under thermal radiation
		5.3.1 Case 1: Polydisperse colloidal particles in the presence of thermal gradient
		5.3.2 Case 2: Carbon nanotube-water analysis between rotating disks under the thermal radiation conditions
		5.3.3 Case 3: Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) carbon nanotubes in rotating stretching channel with nonlinear thermal radiation
	References
	Further reading
6 Nanofluid analysis in different applications
	6.1 Nanofluids for cooling and heating
		6.1.1 Case 1: Design of microchannel heat sink with wavy and straight wall
		6.1.2 Case 2: Nanofluids in the heating process of an heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system model
	6.2 Nanofluids in nuclear engineering
		6.2.1 Case 1: Turbulent nanofluids flow in pressured water reactor
		6.2.2 Case 2: Nanoparticles around the heated cylinder in a wavy-wall enclosure
	6.3 Nanofluids in renewable energies
		6.3.1 Case 1: Nanofluid-based Concentrating Parabolic Solar Collector
		6.3.2 Case 2: Wavy direct absorption solar collector filled with different nanofluids
	6.4 Nanofluid in industry
		6.4.1 Case 1: Condensation of nanofluids
		6.4.2 Case 2: Heat transfer of nanofluids between parallel plates
	6.5 Nanofluid analysis in other applications
		6.5.1 Case 1: Hybrid nanoparticles (Cu–Al2O3) over a porous medium
			6.5.1.1 Flow analysis
			6.5.1.2 Heat transfer analysis
		6.5.2 Case 2: Engine radiator heat recovery using different nanofluids
	References
Index
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