Myanmar: State, Society and Ethnicity

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 8
The Contributors......Page 10
1. Introduction......Page 12
2. State-society Relations in Southeast Asia......Page 21
Traditional State-society Relations in Southeast Asia......Page 23
Recent Developments in State-society Relations in Southeast Asia......Page 30
Myanmar Exception to the Southeast Asian Experience?......Page 32
Conclusion......Page 36
Notes......Page 38
References......Page 39
3. Minorities and State-building in Mainland Southeast Asia......Page 41
Nation-states and Nationalism......Page 42
Laos......Page 49
Cambodia......Page 54
Vietnam......Page 57
Myanmar......Page 62
Notes......Page 70
References......Page 76
4. British Policy towards Myanmar and the Creation of the ‘Burma Problem’......Page 81
The Mapping of Myanmar and the Politicization of Ethnicity......Page 83
British Rule and the Rise of Myanmar Nationalism......Page 89
The Birth of the Myanmar Army and the Struggle for Independence......Page 93
British Policy toward Burma after Independence to 1988 and after......Page 95
Notes......Page 101
References......Page 104
Introduction......Page 107
Japan-Burma Relations before 1988......Page 108
Reason for the Huge Amount of Japanese ODA to Burma......Page 111
Japan’s Policy towards Myanmar after 1988......Page 114
The Burmese in Japan: Their Influence on Domestic Public Opinion......Page 116
Conclusion......Page 118
Introduction......Page 120
Definitions and Dilemmas......Page 122
The Cultural Background to the Legitimacy Debate......Page 128
The Tools of Legitimacy: Uses and Misuses......Page 132
The Principles of Legitimacy and Their Efficacy......Page 139
Conclusions......Page 142
Notes......Page 146
References......Page 151
7. Associational Life in Myanmar: Past and Present......Page 154
Colonial Myanmar......Page 156
The State of Civil Society Organizations in Parliamentary Myanmar......Page 161
The State of Civil Society in Socialist Myanmar......Page 166
The State of Civil Society during the SLORC/SPDC Period......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 178
Notes......Page 179
References......Page 181
Introduction......Page 183
The Concept of Human Security......Page 184
The Way Ahead......Page 206
Officially Designated Ethnic groups (Major Groups) in Myanmar......Page 208
Religious Composition of Myanmar’s Ethnic States (per cent; 1983 Census)......Page 210
Selected Infrastructure Developments under the BAD Programme (up to end-2005)......Page 211
Selected Target Areas for Enhancing Human Security in Myanmar......Page 212
References......Page 224
Overview......Page 230
Background......Page 231
Action......Page 232
Concluding Observations......Page 245
Introduction......Page 247
I. UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE......Page 248
The Present Landscape of Kachin Society......Page 249
Youth Programmes......Page 251
Ceaesefire Groups in Kachin Society......Page 252
The Social Structure of Kachin Society......Page 256
III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS AND PEACEBUILDING ACTIVITIES......Page 259
1. Peace-building Pyramid......Page 260
2. A Four-cell Peace-building Matrix......Page 262
3. Ceasefire Agreement......Page 265
References......Page 266
Introduction......Page 267
The Shan State (1886–1948)......Page 269
Insurgencies in the Shan State (1948– )......Page 273
The Federal Issue......Page 274
The Kokang State......Page 277
The Wa State......Page 279
Ethnic Issues under Military Rule (1988– )......Page 281
Notes......Page 285
Introduction......Page 289
Conclusion......Page 296
References......Page 298
Index......Page 300