Muslims and Crusaders : Christianity’s wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic sources

Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 7
Chronology......Page 11
Who’s who......Page 18
Glossary......Page 32
Guide to Muslim names......Page 43
List of plates......Page 45
Acknowledgements......Page 46
Maps......Page 48
Genealogies......Page 53
Previous works on the Muslim side of the Crusades......Page 55
The Muslim sources for the crusading period......Page 57
A brief history......Page 60
Core beliefs and practices......Page 63
Sunnis and Shi‘ites......Page 69
The Franks through Muslim eyes before 1096......Page 71
The Muslim Levant on the eve of the Crusades......Page 72
Further reading......Page 74
Chronological overview......Page 76
The problem of the sources......Page 78
Muslim views of the crusaders’ motives......Page 79
The first signs of the counter-crusade......Page 82
Zangi: the first great counter-crusader?......Page 85
Further reading......Page 87
Chronological overview......Page 89
The Second Crusade through Muslim eyes......Page 92
Nur al-Din: ‘la plaque tournante’?......Page 95
Saladin and Nur al-Din......Page 100
Further reading......Page 101
Chronological overview......Page 103
The problem of the sources......Page 109
The articulation of power......Page 110
The victorious mujahid......Page 113
The Third Crusade......Page 115
Further reading......Page 117
The problem of the sources......Page 119
The ‘Franks’......Page 121
The conduct of war......Page 123
Muslims under Frankish rule......Page 129
Truces and trade......Page 134
Muslim views on Frankish culture......Page 138
Further reading......Page 148
Chronological overview......Page 150
Family politics......Page 153
The Ayyubids and the jihad......Page 155
Relations with the Franks......Page 156
Critics of the Ayyubids......Page 158
Further reading......Page 160
Chronological overview......Page 162
The Mamluk experience......Page 166
The Mamluk state......Page 168
Legitimizing rule......Page 169
The Mamluk jihad......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 174
Further reading......Page 175
The impact of the Crusades on the medieval Middle East......Page 176
The impact of the Crusades on the modern-day Muslim consciousness......Page 178
Final words......Page 182
Further reading......Page 183
Documents......Page 195
1 Extracts from the Qur’an and hadith......Page 196
2 A depiction of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (r. 996–1021)......Page 199
3 Al-Mas‘udi on the Franks......Page 200
4 The fall of Jerusalem to the crusaders: two accounts......Page 201
5 Muslim views of the crusaders and their motives......Page 203
6 Extracts from the Book of the Jihad of ‘Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami (d. 1106)......Page 208
7 The failure of the Second Crusade at Damascus: two accounts......Page 210
8 Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wasiti (fl. 1019): extracts from The Merits of Jerusalem......Page 212
9 Ibn al-Athir on Nur al-Din and Saladin......Page 213
10 ‘Imad al-Din al-Isfahani on the Battle of Hattin and Saladin’s conquest of Jerusalem......Page 215
11 Baha’ al-Din ibn Shaddad on Saladin’s virtues......Page 218
12 An exchange of letters during the Third Crusade......Page 221
13 Extract from al-Harawi’s treatise on Muslim military tactics......Page 222
14 Usama ibn Munqidh on Frankish culture......Page 223
15 Ibn al-Qaysarani and ‘Imad al-Din al-Isfahani on Frankish women......Page 227
16 Al-Kamil Muhammad and the Fifth Crusade......Page 229
17 Two sources on the handover of Jerusalem to Frederick II......Page 231
18 Ibn al-Dawadari on the Battle of ‘Ayn Jalut......Page 234
19 Qalawun’s treaty with the Lady of Tyre, 1285......Page 235
20 Abu’l-Fida’ on the fall of Acre, 1291......Page 238
21 Statements of Usama ibn Ladin (Osama bin Laden, 1957–2011), 1998......Page 239
Select Bibliography......Page 243
Index......Page 256