Multiple Organ Failure: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Therapy

Front Matter....Pages i-xxii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
History of MOF and Definitions of Organ Failure....Pages 3-13
SIRS, MODS, and the Brave New World of ICU Acronyms: Have They Helped Us?....Pages 14-22
Systemic Inflammatory Response and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Biologic Domino Effect....Pages 23-29
Risk Factors for MOF and Pattern of Organ Failure Following Severe Trauma....Pages 30-43
Risk and Setting for Multiple Organ Failure in Medical Patients....Pages 44-51
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Surgical Patients....Pages 52-67
Front Matter....Pages 69-69
Systemic Inflammation After Trauma, Infection, and Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Is Autodestruction a Necessary Evil?....Pages 71-81
Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Cardiac Surgery: An Inflammatory Event: Can It Be Modulated?....Pages 82-85
Gut: Clinical Importance of Bacterial Translocation, Permeability, and Other Factors....Pages 86-91
Microcirculatory Arrest Theory of SIRS and MODS....Pages 92-100
Infection, Bacteremia, Sepsis, and the Sepsis Syndrome: Metabolic Alterations, Hypermetabolism, and Cellular Alterations....Pages 101-107
Ischemia and Reperfusion as a Cause of Multiple Organ Failure....Pages 108-113
Endotoxin in Human Disease and its Endogenous Control....Pages 114-130
Untimely Apoptosis in Human SIRS, SEPSIS, and MODS....Pages 131-133
Immunosuppression with Injury and Operation and Increased Susceptibility to Infection....Pages 134-142
Front Matter....Pages 143-143
Emerging Evidence of a More Complex Role for Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines in the Sepsis Response....Pages 145-154
Counterregulation of Severe Inflammation: When More is Too Much and Less is Inadequate....Pages 155-166
Reactive Oxygen Species in Clinical Practice....Pages 167-175
Nitric Oxide as a Modulator of Sepsis: Therapeutic Possibilities....Pages 176-187
Mast Cells....Pages 188-195
Front Matter....Pages 143-143
Eicosanoids....Pages 196-203
Platelet-Activating Factor....Pages 204-213
Therapeutic Complement Inhibition....Pages 214-223
Leukocyte—Endothelial Cell Interactions: Review of Adhesion Molecules and Their Role in Organ Injury....Pages 224-240
Front Matter....Pages 241-241
Care of Injured Patients in the Field, During Transport, and in the Emergency Department....Pages 243-253
Intensive Care Monitoring....Pages 254-263
Peritonitis: Management of the Patient with SIRS and MODS....Pages 264-272
Hypothermia-Coagulopathy-Acidosis Syndrome: When to Operate/When to Stop Operating....Pages 273-278
Early Definitive Fracture Fixation with Polytrauma: Advantages Versus Systemic/Pulmonary Consequences....Pages 279-290
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome....Pages 291-302
SIRS and MODS: Indications for Surgical Intervention?....Pages 303-308
Nosocomial Infections in the ICU....Pages 309-321
Modulation of the Hypermetabolic Response After Trauma and Burns....Pages 322-329
Front Matter....Pages 331-331
Circulation....Pages 333-339
Effect of Inflammatory Conditions on the Heart....Pages 340-352
Lung....Pages 353-364
Renal Function and Dysfunction in Multiple Organ Failure....Pages 365-377
Metabolic Depletion and Failure: Muscle Cachexia During Injury and Sepsis....Pages 378-388
Immunomodulation of Cell-Mediated Responses: Is It Feasible?....Pages 389-397
Central Nervous System Failure: Neurotrauma Trials....Pages 398-410
Front Matter....Pages 331-331
Stress Gastritis: Is It a Disappearing Disease?....Pages 411-419
Gut and the Immune System: Enteral Nutrition and Immunonutrients....Pages 420-437
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation....Pages 438-446
Refunctionalization of the Gut....Pages 447-458
Liver: Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Failure....Pages 459-461
Liver: Hepatic Support and the Bioartificial Liver....Pages 462-473
Front Matter....Pages 475-475
Laboratory Markers to Support Early Diagnosis of Infection and Inflammation....Pages 477-491
Endotoxin Antagonists....Pages 492-500
Blood Purification Therapy to Prevent or Treat MOF....Pages 501-504
Antithrombin III and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Two Physiologic Protease Inhibitors of the Coagulation System....Pages 505-513
Rationale for Glucocorticoid Treatment in Septic Shock and Unresolving ARDS....Pages 514-523
Pathophysiologic and Clinical Importance of Stress-Induced Th1/Th2 T Cell Shifts....Pages 524-530
Pathophysiologic and Clinical Role of Interferon-γ and its Release Triggering Cytokines IL-12 and IL-18....Pages 531-538
Interleukin-11: Potential Therapeutic Activity in Systemic Inflammatory States....Pages 539-544
Minimal Surgical Procedures to Decrease the Stress Response and New Potential Therapeutic Agents....Pages 545-552
Wound Healing: Physiology, Clinical Progress, Growth Factors, and the Secret of the Fetus....Pages 553-561
Problems with Magic Bullets: Future Trials and Multiagent Therapy....Pages 562-570
Maximizing Oxygen Delivery and Consumption: In Whom and For Whom?....Pages 571-579
Gut Decontamination: Prevention of Infection and Translocation....Pages 580-590
Myocardial Depression: Is it Clinically Relevant?....Pages 591-597
Front Matter....Pages 475-475
Infection: Cause or Result of Organ Failure?....Pages 598-604
Hypertonic Solutions....Pages 605-612
Blood Substitutes....Pages 613-620
Growth Factors G-CSF and GM-CSF: Clinical Options....Pages 621-629
Anabolic Effects of Growth Hormone in Critically Ill Patients....Pages 630-637
Immunoglobulin Therapy: Where Does It Stand Clinically?....Pages 638-640
Horizons in the Anesthetic Care of Injured, Operated, and Stressed Patients....Pages 641-650
Integrative Biology and Genetic Variability: MODS’ Next Frontiers....Pages 651-655
Are we Making Progress in Preventing and Treating MOF?....Pages 656-662
Ethical Considerations of MODS, SIRS, and MOF....Pages 663-671
Socioeconomic Impact of Multiple Organ Failure....Pages 672-677
Future Directions in the Treatment of SIRS and MODS....Pages 678-688
Summary and Overview: What does the Future Hold?....Pages 689-691
Back Matter....Pages 693-712